Part 1
听力原文
JAKE: Hello, Junior Cycle camp, Jake speaking.
Junior Cycle camp,青少年自行车训练营
WOMAN: Hi. I’m calling for some information about the cycle camp – I’m thinking of sending my son.
I’m thinking of sending my son, 我在考虑送我的儿子去
JAKE: Great. Well, it’s held every weekday morning over the summer vacation and we focus on basic cycling skills and safety. We have eight levels for children from three years upwards. How old’s your son?
it’s held every weekday morning, 它在每个工作日的早晨举行
over the summer vacation, 暑假期间
focus on basic cycling skills and safety, 注重基本的骑行技巧和安全
children from three years upwards, 三岁以上的孩子
WOMAN: Charlie? He’s seven. He can ride a bike, but he needs a little more training before he’s safe to go on the road.
JAKE: He’d probably be best in Level 5. They start off practising on the site here, and we aim to get them riding on the road, but first they’re taken to ride in the park, away from the traffic.
be best in Level 5, 最好在第五等级
They start off practising on the site here, 他们开始在这里的场地练习。start off sth：以…开始。site 指代 这个camp
aim to get them riding on the road, 目的是让他们骑在路上
they’re taken to ride in the park,他们被带到公园里骑
WOMAN: Right. And can you tell me a bit about the instructors?
JAKE: Well, all our staff wear different coloured shirts. So, we have three supervisors, and they have red shirts. They support the instructors, and they also stand in for me if I’m not around. Then the instructors themselves are in blue shirts, and one of these is responsible for each class.
instructors, N-COUNT 教练;指导者;(美国英语亦指)教师，大学讲师 /ɪnˈstrʌktəz/
wear different coloured shirts, 穿不同颜色的衬衫 /weə(r)/ – were/wə(r)/
supervisors, N-COUNT (尤指工人或学生的)管理者，监督者，指导者/ˈsjuːpəvaɪzəz/
stand in for me, 代替我。
I’m not around, 我不在身边
one of these is responsible for each class, 每节课都有一名负责。responsible for 为……负责。
WOMAN: OK.
JAKE: In order to be accepted, all our instructors have to submit a reference from someone who’s seen them work with children – like if they’ve worked as a babysitter, for example. Then they have to complete our training course, including how to do lesson plans, and generally care for the well-being of the kids in their class. They do a great job, I have to say.
In order to be accepted, 为了被接受 /əkˈseptɪd/
submit a reference, 提交推荐信
worked as a babysitter, 做保姆
complete our training course, 完成我们的培训课程
how to do lesson plans, 如何做教案。lesson plans 教案；课程计划。
generally care for the well-being of the kids in their class, 普遍关心他们班孩子的福祉。 /ˈdʒenə rəli/ ①大体上，总体上 ② usually, or in most situations 通常，一般地，大多数情况下。 well-being 幸福;安康 the state of feeling healthy and happy。
WOMAN: Right. And tell me a bit about the classes. What size will Charlie’s class be?
What size will Charlie’s class be?, 查理的班级规模将有多大？size 尺寸；大小；规模。
JAKE: We have a limit of eight children in each class, so their instructor really gets to know them well. They’re out riding most of the time but they have quiet times too, where their instructor might tell them a story that’s got something to do with cycling, or get them to play a game together. It’s a lot of fun.
gets to know them well, 很了解他们。get to ① “开始进入”或“着手进行”某个活动或任务。“get to”可能后跟动名词（即动词的-ing形式）。② “get to”可以用于表示“有机会”或“有时间”做某事，这里有点can的意思。
get to studying, 开始学习
they have quiet times, 他们有安静的时光。表示他们有不动的时候
a story that’s got something to do with cycling, 一个与骑自行车有关的故事。to do with 与…相关。that’s got = that has got 表示have “有”的意思。
get them to play a game together, 让他们一起玩一个游戏。使役动词
WOMAN: It must be. Now, what happens if there’s rain? Do the classes still run?
JAKE: Oh yes. We don’t let that put us off – we just put on our waterproofs and keep cycling.
We don’t let that put us off, 我们不会因此而推迟
put on our waterproofs, 穿上防水衣/ˈwɔːtəpruːfs/ n雨衣；防水衣物
WOMAN: And is there anything special Charlie should bring along with him?
JAKE: Well, maybe some spare clothes, especially if the weather’s not so good. And a snack for break time.
break time, 课间休息时
WOMAN: How about a drink?
JAKE: No, we’ll provide that. And make sure he has shoes, not sandals.
make sure he has shoes，not sandals, 要确保他有鞋子，而不是凉鞋 /ˈsændlz/
WOMAN: Sure. And just at present Charlie has to take medication every few hours, so I’ll make sure he has that.
just at present, 就在现在
take medication every few hours, 每隔几个小时就要服用药物。medication /ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn/ N-VAR 药物;药。medicine /ˈmedsn/ ①N-UNCOUNT 医学;疗法;医疗 ②N-MASS （吞服的）药，药物，药剂
JAKE: Absolutely. Just give us details of when he has to take it and we’ll make sure he does.
WOMAN: Thanks.
JAKE: Now, there are a few things you should know about Day 1 of the camp. The classes normally start at 9.30 every morning, but on Day 1 you should aim to get Charlie here by 9.20. The finishing time will be 12.30 as usual. We need the additional time because there are a few extra things to do. The most important is that we have a very careful check to make sure that every child’s helmet fits properly. If it doesn’t fit, we’ll try to adjust it, or we’ll find him another one – but he must wear it all the time he’s on the bike.
you should aim to get Charlie here by 9.20, 你应该争取在9点20分之前把查理带到这里
the additional time, 额外的时间
a few extra things, 一些额外的事情
every child’s helmet fits properly, 每个孩子的头盔都合适。 fit [ I or T ]合适，合身;可容纳 (CORRECT SIZE)
he must wear it all the time he’s on the bike, 他骑自行车的时候必须一直穿着
WOMAN: Of course.
JAKE: Then after that, all the instructors will be waiting to meet their classes, and they’ll meet up in the tent – you can’t miss it. And each instructor will take their class away and get started.
they’ll meet up in the tent, 他们会在帐篷里见面
you can’t miss it, 你不会错过的
WOMAN: OK. Well that all sounds good. Now can you tell me how much the camp costs a week?
JAKE: One hundred ninety-nine dollars. We’ve managed to keep the price more or less the same as last year – it was one hundred ninety then. But the places are filling up quite quickly.
managed to keep the price more or less the same as last year, 成功使价格和去年差不多
more or less the same, 或多或少相同
the places are filling up quite quickly, 名额很快就满了
WOMAN: Right. OK, well I’d like to book for …
I’d like to book, 我想预订了
听力题目
JUNIOR CYCLE CAMP
- The course focuses on skills and safety.
- Charlie would be placed in Level 5.
- First of all, children at this level are taken to practise in a park
- Instructors
- Instructors wear blue shirts.
- A reference is required and training is given.
- Classes
- The size of the classes is limited.
- There are quiet times during the morning for a story or a game.
- Classes are held even if there is rain
- What to bring
- a change of clothing
- a snack
- shoes (not sandals)
- Charlie’s medication
- Day 1
- Charlie should arrive at 9.20 am on the first day.
- Before the class, his helmet will be checked.
- He should then go to the tent to meet his class instructor.
- Cost
- The course costs $199 per week.
Part 2
听力原文
Hello everyone. My name’s Megan Baker and I’m a recruitment consultant at AVT Recruitment specialists.
a recruitment consultant, 招聘顾问。recruitment /rɪˈkruːtmənt/ N-UNCOUNT 招募；招聘
AVT Recruitment specialists, AVT招聘专家 。recruitment /rɪˈkruːtmənt/ N-UNCOUNT 招募；招聘
Now, our company specialises in positions that involve working in the agriculture and horticulture sectors, so that’s fresh food production, garden and park maintenance and so on. And these sectors do provide some very special career opportunities. For a start, they often offer opportunities for those who don’t want to be stuck with a 40-hour week, but need to juggle work with other responsibilities such as child care – and this is very important for many of our recruits. Some people like working in a rural setting, surrounded by plants and trees instead of buildings, although we can’t guarantee that. But there are certainly health benefits, especially in jobs where you’re not sitting all day looking at a screen – a big plus for many people. Salaries can sometimes be good too, although there’s a lot of variety here. And you may have the opportunity in some types of jobs for travel overseas, although that obviously depends on the job, and not everyone is keen to do it.
our company specialises in positions, 我们公司专门从事职位(行业)。specialise /ˈspeʃ.ə.laɪz/专门研究，专攻;专门从事。
positions involve working in the agriculture and horticulture sectors, 职位涉及农业和园艺部门的工作。agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/。 horticulture /ˈhɔːtɪkʌltʃə(r) /N-UNCOUNT 园艺（学）。sectors /ˈsɛktəz/ N-COUNT (尤指一国经济的)部门，领域，行业
fresh food production, 新鲜食品生产。production /prəˈdʌkʃn/ N-UNCOUNT （大量）生产，制造，制作
garden and park maintenance, 花园和公园维护
and so on, /ənd səʊ ɒn/ 等等，及诸如此类
these sectors, 这些行业
career opportunities, 职业机会；就业机会；工作机会；事业机会
those who don’t want to be stuck with a 40-hour week, 那些不想每周工作40小时的人。be stuck with /bi stʌk wɪð/被…缠住无法摆脱，陷入…的困境
need to juggle work with other responsibilities, 需要兼顾工作和其他责任。juggle /ˈdʒʌɡ.əl/ 尽力同时应付（两种或两种以上不同的活动或人）
recruits, /rɪˈkruːts/ ①VERB 招收；招募；征召；②N-COUNT 新手；新兵；新成员
a rural setting, 乡村环境 /ˈrʊərəl/。setting N-COUNT 环境;背景;地点
we can’t guarantee that, 我们不能保证/ˌɡærənˈtiː/
there are certainly health benefits, 当然有健康益处
in jobs where you’re not sitting all day looking at a screen, 在那些你不需要整天坐着看屏幕的工作中
a big plus, 一大优势。/plʌs , pluː/N-COUNT 有利因素；好处
Salaries can sometimes be good too, 工资有时也可以很好
although there’s a lot of variety here, 尽管这里有很多变化
jobs for travel overseas, 可以去海外旅游的工作
not everyone is keen to do it, 不是每个人都热衷于这样做
Of course, working outdoors does have its challenges. It’s fine in summer, but can be extremely unpleasant when it’s cold and windy. You may need to be pretty fit for some jobs, though with modern technology that’s not as important as it once was. And standards of health and safety are much higher now than they used to be, so there are fewer work-related accidents. But if you like a lively city environment surrounded by lots of people, these jobs are probably not for you – they’re often in pretty remote areas. And some people worry about finding a suitable place to live, but in our experience, this usually turns out fine.
working outdoors does have its challenges, 户外工作也有它的挑战
extremely unpleasant, 非常不舒服
it’s cold and windy, 天气寒冷多风。windy ADJ-GRADED 多风的;大风的
be pretty fit for some jobs, 相当地胜任一些工
with modern technology that’s not as important as it once was, 由于现代科技，（胜任）已经不像曾经那么重要了。with在这表示原因，或者也可以表示伴随——伴随现代技术(的发展)。
standards of health and safety, 健康和安全标准
there are fewer work-related accidents, 工伤事故较少。/‘fju:ə/。work-related 与工作相关的。
in pretty remote areas, 在相当偏远的地区
this usually turns out fine, 这通常很好。“turn out”是一个常用的英语短语，表示“结果是”或“最终证明是”。它通常用于描述某件事情的最终结果或情况，尤其是当这个结果在之前并不完全清楚或确定时。
Now let me tell you about some of the exciting jobs that we have on our books right now.
jobs that we have on our books, 我们书上记录的工作
One is for a fresh food commercial manager. Our client here is a very large fresh food producer supplying a range of top supermarkets. They operate in a very fast-paced environment with low profit margins – the staff there work hard, but they play hard as well, so if you’ve a sociable personality this may be for you.
fresh food commercial manager, 生鲜食品商业经理 /kəˈmɜːʃl/ 。/ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ – /ˈmænɪdʒ/。
Our client here, 我们在这里的客户/ˈklaɪənt/。
fresh food producer, 新鲜食品生产商
supplying a range of top supermarkets, 供应一系列顶级超市
They operate in a very fast-paced environment, 他们在快节奏的环境中经营。fast-paced /fɑːst peɪst/快节奏的。 operate /ˈɒpə reɪt/V-ERG 经营；管理；运营；运作。
low profit margins, 低利润。profit /ˈprɒfɪt/ N-VAR 利润；收益；盈利。margins/ˈmɑːdʒɪnz/ = profit 利润。profit margin N-COUNT 利润率；利润幅度。
you’ve a sociable personality, 你有外向的性格
this may be for you, 这可能适合你。“for”的意思是适用于
We have an exciting post as an agronomist advising farmers on issues such as crop nutrition, protection against pests, and the latest legislation on farming and agricultural practices. There are good opportunities for the right person to quickly make their way up the career ladder, but a deep knowledge of the agricultural sector is expected of applicants.
an exciting post, 一个令人兴奋的职位。post /pəʊst/ N-COUNT 职位;职务
agronomist, /əˈɡrɒnəmɪst/N-COUNT 农学家；农艺师
such as, /sʌtʃ æz/ 例如
crop nutrition, /krɒp njuˈtrɪʃn/作物营养；农作物营养
protection against pests, 害虫防护。protection /prəˈtekʃn/。pests /pests/。
the latest legislation on farming and agricultural practices, 关于农业和农业实践的最新立法。legislation /ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn/ N-UNCOUNT 法律；法规。latest /ˈleɪtɪst/ ADJ-SUPERL 最近的；最新的。 agricultural /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/ ADJ 农业的；农用的 — agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ N-UNCOUNT 农业
quickly make their way up the career ladder,迅速在职业阶梯上攀升。career ladder /kəˈrɪə(r) ˈlædə(r)/。make one’s way（up/toward）向前；前往
a deep knowledge of the agricultural sector is expected of applicants, 申请人需要对农业部门有深入的了解。 A be expected of B：B被要求具有A。
High standards are expected of employees, 要求员工达到高标准
A leading supermarket is looking for a fresh produce buyer who is available for a 12-month maternity cover contract. You need to have experience in administration, planning and buying in the fresh produce industry, and in return will receive a very competitive salary.
A leading supermarket, 一家领先的超市
fresh produce buyer, 新鲜农产品买家
is available for a 12-month maternity cover contract, 可享受为期12个月的生育保险合同。is available for sth /əˈveɪləbl/ 表示可以拥有某物。maternity /məˈtɜːnəti/ 怀孕的;产妇的 。 cover contract 保险合同。
You need to have experience in administration, planning and buying, 你需要有管理、规划和购买方面的经验
in return will receive a very competitive salary, 作为回报，我们将获得极具竞争力的薪水
We have also received a request for a sales manager for a chain of garden centres. You will be visiting centres in the region to ensure their high levels of customer service are maintained. This post is only suitable for someone who is prepared to live in the region.
we’ve also received a request, 我们还收到了一个请求（申请）。听力原文是 We have also received。/wiːvˈɔːl.səʊ rɪˈsiːvd / 注意连读。/ʊ /没读，好像。
sales manager for a chain of garden centres, 连锁花园中心销售经理
visiting centres in the region, 访问该地区的中心 /ˈsentəz/ /ˈriːdʒən/
ensure their high levels of customer service are maintained, 高水平的客户服务得以保持
someone who is prepared to live in the region, 准备住在这个地区的人/prɪˈpeəd/
There is also a vacancy for a tree technician to carry out tree cutting, forestry and conservation work. Candidates must have a clean driving licence and have training in safety procedures. A year’s experience would be preferred but the company might be prepared to consider someone who has just completed an appropriate training course.
There is also a vacancy for a tree technician, 还有一个树木技术员的空缺。vacancy /ˈveɪkənsi/ N-COUNT （工作或职位的）空缺。technician /tekˈnɪʃn/ N-COUNT 技术员;技师
carry out tree cutting, forestry and conservation work, 干（从事）树木采伐、林业和养护工作。forestry /ˈfɒrɪstri/ N-UNCOUNT 林学;林业。 conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ N-UNCOUNT (对环境的)保护
Candidates, /ˈkæn.dɪ.dəts/ /ˈkæn.dɪ.deɪts/ 申请人;候选人
a clean driving licence, 一张没有出过事故的驾照
have training in safety procedures, 接受过安全程序培训。procedures /p rəˈsiːdʒəz/N-VAR 程序；步骤；手续
A year’s experience would be preferred, 有一年工作经验者优先。preferred /prɪˈfɜːd/ prefer /prɪˈfɜː(r)/ VERB 更喜欢；偏好。
be prepared to consider someone, 准备考虑某人 /prɪˈpeəd/ – /pəˈpeəd/
someone who has just completed an appropriate training course, 刚刚完成适当培训课程的人
Finally, we have a position for a farm worker. This will involve a wide range of farm duties including crop sowing and harvesting, machine maintenance and animal care. Perks of the job include the possibility of renting a small cottage on the estate, and the chance to earn a competitive salary. A driving licence and tractor driving experience are essential.
farm worker, 农场工人
This will involve a wide range of farm duties, 这将涉及广泛的农场职责。注意连读
crop sowing and harvesting, 作物播种和收获
machine maintenance, 机器维护
animal care,动物护理
Perks of the job, 工作的好处。/pɜːks/ N-COUNT 补贴；津贴；额外待遇。
the possibility of renting a small cottage on the estate, 在庄园里租一间小屋的可能性。renting /ˈrentɪŋ/。cottage /ˈkɒtɪdʒ/ N-COUNT; N-IN-NAMES (乡间)小屋;村舍。estate /ɪˈsteɪt/ N-COUNT 庄园;地产；（在乡村的）大片私有土地
the chance to earn a competitive salary, 获得有竞争力的薪水的机会。competitive /kəmˈpetətɪv/ ADJ-GRADED 竞争的；角逐的。
tractor driving experience are essential, 拖拉机驾驶经验是必不可少的。tractor /ˈtræktə(r)/ N-COUNT 拖拉机
听力题目
According to Megan, what are the TWO main advantages of working in the agriculture and horticulture sectors?
- A. the active lifestyle √
- B. the above-average salaries
- C. the flexible working opportunities √
- D. the opportunities for overseas travel
- E. the chance to be in a natural environment
the active lifestyle, 积极的生活方式。active ①ADJ-GRADED 积极（参与）的 ②ADJ-GRADED 忙碌的；活跃的
the above-average salaries,高于平均水平的工资
the flexible working opportunities, 灵活的工作机会
the opportunities for overseas travel, 海外旅行的机会
the chance to be in a natural environment, 在自然环境中的机会
Which TWO of the following are likely to be disadvantages for people working outdoors?
- A. the increasing risk of accidents
- B. being in a very quiet location √
- C. difficult weather conditions at times √
- D. the cost of housing
- E. the level of physical fitness required
the increasing risk of accidents, 事故风险日益增加
being in a very quiet location, 在一个非常安静的地方
difficult weather conditions at times, 有时天气条件恶劣 /kənˈdɪʃnz/
the cost of housing, 住房成本
the level of physical fitness required, 所需的体能水平。physical /ˈfɪzɪkl/ADJ-GRADED 身体的；肉体的；躯体的。fitness [不可数名词] /ˈfɪtnəs/ 健壮；健康
Information
- A.not a permanent job
- B.involves leading a team
- C.experience not essential
- D.intensive work but also fun
- E.chance to earn more through overtime
- F.chance for rapid promotion
- G.accommodation available
- H.local travel involved
not a permanent job, 不是一份固定的工作。permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ ADJ 永久的；永恒的
involves leading a team, 涉及领导一个团队
experience not essential, 经验不是必需的
intensive work but also fun, 高强度的工作，但也很有趣。intensive /ɪnˈtensɪv/ 密集的，集中的;加强的;深入的
chance to earn more through overtime, 通过加班赚取更多收入的机会。overtime /ˈəʊvətaɪm/ N-UNCOUNT 加班；加班时间
chance for rapid promotion, 快速晋升的机会 /ˈræpɪd prəˈməʊʃn/
accommodation available, 住宿可用。accommodation /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/
local travel involved, 涉及当地旅行。
Job opportunities
- Fresh food commercial manager : D
- Agronomist : F
- Fresh produce buyer : A
- Garden centre sales manager : H
- Tree technician : C
- Farm worker : G
Part 3
听力原文
ADAM: OK Rosie, shall we try to get some ideas together for our presentation on diet and obesity?
get some ideas together, 整理思路。意思是将一些想法或观点整理、集中起来。这个短语常用于鼓励或指示某人把分散的、不成系统的思考结果整合成一个更清晰、更有条理的集合
presentation on diet and obesity,关于饮食和肥胖的演讲。presentation /ˌpreznˈteɪʃn/ 报告，演讲，陈述 a talk giving information about something。
ROSIE: Sure.
ADAM: I can talk about the experiment I did to see if people can tell the difference between real sugar and artificial sweeteners.
the experiment I did, 我做的实验。experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/
real sugar, 真正的糖。sugar/ˈʃʊɡə(r)/。
artificial sweeteners, 人造甜味剂。sweeteners /ˈswiːt.nərs/
ROSIE: Where you gave people drinks with either sugar or artificial sweeteners and they had to say which they thought it was?
where 这里是修饰 上一句的 experiment，引导一个定语从句
either sugar or artificial sweeteners, 糖或人造甜味剂。either /ˈaɪ.ðər/ （两种可能性的选择）要么…要么，不是…就是，或者…或者；（两者中）任何一个
say which they thought it was, 说出他们认为是什么。thought /θɔːt/。
ADAM: Yeah. It took me ages to decide exactly how I’d organise it, especially how I could make sure that people didn’t know which drink I was giving them. It was hard to keep track of it all, especially as I had so many people doing it – I had to make sure I kept a proper record of what each person had had.
It took me ages, 我花了很长时间。took /tʊk/。ages /ˈeɪdʒɪz/ N-COUNT 很长的时间
how I’d organise it, 我会如何组织它。organise /‘ɔ:gənaɪz/。
didn’t know which drink I was giving them, 不知道我给他们喝了什么
keep track of it all, 把这一切都记录下来。track /træk/ ①N-COUNT 小道;小径②N-PLURAL 足迹;踪迹。 keep track of PHRASE 跟上…的进展;掌握…的最新消息 —> 记录。
as I had so many people doing it, 因为我让这么多人在做这件事。have sb. v-ing sth. (sb 和 v-ing是主动关系)。 have sb. v-ed sth. (sb 和 v-ed 是主动关系)。
The movie had us crying, 那部电影让我们哭了 have sb. v-ing sth. (sb 和 v-ing是主动关系)
I had my car repaired, 我让我的车修了 have sb. v-ed sth. (sb 和 v-ed 是主动关系)
I kept a proper record, 我做出了正确的记录。kept/kept/。proper /ˈprɒpə(r)/ ADJ 适宜的；合适的；适当的；恰当的。keep a record 作记录；记录。
record of what each person had had, 每个人都已经吃了什么的记录
ROSIE: So could most people tell the difference?
ADAM: Yeah – I hadn’t thought they would be able to, but most people could.
I hadn’t thought they would be able to, 我没想到他们可以
ROSIE: Then there’s that experiment I did measuring the fat content of nuts, to see if the nutritional information given on the packet was accurate.
there’s that experiment, 有个实验。there’s/ðeəz/。experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/。
measuring the fat content of nuts, 测量坚果脂肪含量。fat content/fæt ˈkɒntent/ 脂肪含量。nuts /nʌts/ N-COUNT 坚果;坚果仁。
the nutritional information given on the packet, 包装上给出的营养信息。nutritional /njuˈtrɪʃənl/ ADJ (食物中)营养的，营养成分的。packet /ˈpækɪt/ N-COUNT 包装盒；包装袋。
accurate, /ˈækjərət/ ADJ-GRADED （信息、测量、数据或仪器等）精确的，准确的
ADAM: The one where you ground up the nuts and mixed them with a chemical to absorb the fat?
the one 指代 experiment
where 引导一个定语从句
you ground up the nuts, 你把坚果碾碎。ground /ɡraʊnd/ grind/ɡraɪnd/的过去分词和过去式。grind /ɡraɪnd/ VERB 磨碎；碾碎； 将…磨成粉。Grind up means the same as grind.
mixed them with a chemical, 将它们与化学物质混合。chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ ①ADJ 化学的;化学反应的;用化学方法生成的 ②N-COUNT 化学品;化合物;化学制品。
absorb the fat, 吸收脂肪。absorb /əbˈzɔːb/
ROSIE: Yes. My results were a bit problematic – the fat content for that type of nut seemed much lower than it said on the package. But I reckon the package information was right. I think I should probably have ground up the nuts more than I did. It’s possible that the scales for weighing the fat weren’t accurate enough, too. I’d really like to try the experiment again some time.
were a bit problematic, 是有点问题。were strong /wɜːr/ weak /wər/ 。problematic/ˌprɒbləˈmætɪk/ADJ-GRADED 有问题的；有困难的；疑难的
that type of nut, 那种坚果
much lower than it said on the package, 比包装上写的要低得多。注意连读said on
reckon, /ˈrekən/(informal, especially 英国英语)想；认为
package information, 包装信息
I should probably have ground up the nuts more than I did, 比起我已经做的，我可能应该多磨碎一些坚果
the scales for weighing the fat, 用于称量脂肪的磅秤。scales /skeɪlz/N-PLURAL 天平;秤;磅秤。weighing /ˈweɪɪŋ/ VERB 称…的重量;称
weren’t accurate enough, 不够准确。注意连读 /wɜːnt//ˈæk.jə.rət/ /ɪˈnʌf/
try the experiment again some time, 找个时间再试试这个实验。注意语音现象
ADAM: So what can we say about helping people to lose weight? There’s a lot we could say about what restaurants could do to reduce obesity. I read that the items at the start of a menu and the items at the end of a menu are much more likely to be chosen than the items in the middle. So, if you put the low-calorie items at the beginning and end of the menu, people will probably go for the food with fewer calories, without even realising what they’re doing.
There’s a lot we could say, 我们可以说很多
what restaurants could do, 餐馆可以做什么。/ˈres.tər.ɒnts/
reduce obesity, 减少肥胖/əʊˈbiːsɪti/
are much more likely to be chosen, 更有可能被选中 /bi ˈtʃəʊzn/
go for the food with fewer calories, 选择热量较少的食物。go for /ɡəʊ fɔː(r)/ PHRASAL VERB 选择；挑选。fewer /‘fju:ə/。calories /ˈkæləriz/。
ROSIE: I think food manufacturers could do more to encourage healthy eating.
encourage healthy eating, 鼓励健康饮食。healthy eating /ˈhelθi ˈiːtɪŋ/ 健康饮食
ADAM: How?
ROSIE: Well, when manufacturers put calorie counts of a food on the label, they’re sometimes really confusing and I suspect they do it on purpose. Because food that’s high in calories tastes better, and so they’ll sell more.
calorie counts of a food, 一种食物的热量。counts/kaʊnts/ N-COUNT (某物的)计数。calorie counts 卡路里计数–> 热量。
ADAM: Yeah, so if you look at the amount of calories in a pizza, they’ll give you the calories per quarter pizza and you think, oh that’s not too bad. But who’s going to eat a quarter pizza?
the amount of calories in a pizza, 披萨中的卡路里含量
the calories per quarter pizza, 每四分之一的披萨的热量
ROSIE: Exactly.
ADAM: I suppose another approach to this problem is to get people to exercise more.
another approach to this problem, 解决这个问题的另一种方法
ROSIE: Right. In England, the current guidelines are for at least 30 minutes of brisk walking, five days a week. Now when you ask them, about 40% of men and 30% of women say they do this, but when you objectively measure the amount of walking they do with motion sensors, you find that only 6% of men and 4% of women do the recommended amount of exercise.
the current guidelines, 目前的指导方针
are for at least 30 minutes of brisk walking, 是关于至少30分钟的快步走。for 可以理解为“关于”或“针对”。brisk walking /brɪsk ˈwɔːkɪŋ/快步走。brisk /brɪsk/ 轻快的，生气勃勃的
objectively, /əbˈdʒɛktɪvli/ 客观地
measure the amount of walking they do with motion sensors, 测量他们用运动传感器做的行走量时。motion sensors /ˈməʊʃn ˈsɛnsəz/ 运动传感器。motion /ˈməʊʃn/ N-UNCOUNT 运动;移动。sensors /ˈsɛnsəz/ N-COUNT (探测光、热等的)传感器。
the recommended amount of exercise, 推荐的运动量。recommended /ˌrekəˈmendɪd/ 被推荐的
ADAM: Mm, so you can see why obesity is growing.
ROSIE: So how can people be encouraged to take more exercise?
ADAM: Well, for example, think of the location of stairs in a train station. If people reach the stairs before they reach the escalator when they’re leaving the station, they’re more likely to take the stairs. And if you increase the width of the stairs, you’ll get more people using them at the same time. It’s an unconscious process and influenced by minor modifications in their environment.
reach the escalator, 到达自动扶梯。escalator /ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/ N-COUNT 自动扶梯
take the stairs, 爬楼梯
increase the width of the stairs, 增加楼梯的宽度
an unconscious process, 无意识的过程
influenced by minor modifications, 受细微修改的影响。/ˈɪnfluənst/ 。minor /ˈmaɪnə(r)/ 轻微的。modifications /ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃənz/n.修改；改进；改变
ROSIE: Right. And it might not be a big change, but if it happens every day, it all adds up.
it all adds up, 全加起来。注意连读
ADAM: Yes. But actually, I’m not sure if we should be talking about exercise in our presentation.
ROSIE: Well, we’ve done quite a bit of reading about it.
we’ve done quite a bit of reading about it, 我们已经读了很多关于它的书。done /dʌn/。
ADAM: I know, but it’s going to mean we have a very wide focus, and our tutor did say that we need to focus on causes and solutions in terms of nutrition.
focus on causes and solutions in terms of nutrition, 关注营养方面的原因和解决方法。in terms of /ɪn tɜːmz ɒv/ 在……方面，从……方面（说来）
ROSIE: I suppose so. And we’ve got plenty of information about that. OK, well that will be simpler.
that will be simpler, 那会更简单。simpler /ˈsɪmplə/。
ADAM: So what shall we do now? We’ve still got half an hour before our next lecture.
ROSIE: Let’s think about what we’re going to include and what will go where. Then we can decide what slides we need.
what will go where, 什么（内容）会去哪里
decide what slides we need, 决定我们需要什么幻灯片
ADAM: OK, fine.
听力题目
Which TWO points does Adam make about his experiment on artificial sweeteners?
- A. The results were what he had predicted.
- B. The experiment was simple to set up.
- C. A large sample of people was tested. √
- D. The subjects were unaware of what they were drinking. √
- E. The test was repeated several times for each person.
Which TWO problems did Rosie have when measuring the fat content of nuts?
- A. She used the wrong sort of nuts.
- B. She used an unsuitable chemical.
- C. She did not grind the nuts finely enough. √
- D. The information on the nut package was incorrect.
- E. The weighing scales may have been unsuitable. √
make points, 提出观点
Which two points does Adam make about his experiment on artificial sweeteners, 亚当对人造甜味剂的实验提出了哪两点？
A large sample of people was tested, 对大量人群进行了测试。sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ （实验或调查用的）样本
The subjects were unaware of what they were drinking, 受试者不知道他们喝的是什么。subjects /səbˈdʒekts/ [可数名词] 接受试验者；实验对象
She did not grind the nuts finely enough, 她把坚果磨得不够细。finely /ˈfaɪnli/adverb (THINLY) 细薄地；细小地
Adam suggests that restaurants could reduce obesity if their menus
- A. offered fewer options.
- B. had more low-calorie foods.
- C. were organised in a particular way. √
The students agree that food manufacturers deliberately
- A. make calorie counts hard to understand. √
- B. fail to provide accurate calorie counts.
- C. use ineffective methods to reduce calories.
What does Rosie say about levels of exercise in England?
- A. The amount recommended is much too low.
- B. Most people overestimate how much they do. √
- C. Women now exercise more than they used to.
Adam refers to the location and width of stairs in a train station to illustrate
- A. practical changes that can influence people’s behaviour. √
- B. methods of helping people who have mobility problems.
- C. ways of preventing accidents by controlling crowd movement.
What do the students agree about including reference to exercise in their presentation?
- A. They should probably leave it out. √
- B. They need to do more research on it.
- C. They should discuss this with their tutor.
What are the students going to do next for their presentation?
- A. prepare some slides for it
- B. find out how long they have for it
- C. decide on its content and organisation √
ineffective methods, 无效的方法。ineffective /ˌɪnɪˈfektɪv/ adj.不起作用的；无效果的；不奏效的
Most people overestimate how much they do, 大多数人高估了自己的运动量。overestimate /ˌəʊ.vəˈres.tɪ.meɪt/ 过高估计;过高评价
people who have mobility problems, 行动不便的人。mobility /məʊˈbɪləti/ 活动性;流动性。mobility problems 行动问题，活动问题。
What do the students agree about including reference to exercise in their presentation?, 学生们对在他们的演讲中提及运动有什么共识？including reference to exercise 作介词“about”的宾语，表示“包含提及锻炼方面的内容”。
leave it out, 忽略
decide on its content and organisation, 决定其内容和组织
Part 4
听力原文
Good morning everyone. So today we’re going to look at an important creative activity and that’s hand knitting. Ancient knitted garments have been found in many different countries, showing that knitting is a global activity with a long history.
hand knitting, 手工编织。knitting /ˈnɪtɪŋ/ ①N-UNCOUNT 编织物；针织品 ②N-UNCOUNT 编织；针织
Ancient knitted garments, 古代针织服装。knitted garments /ˈnɪtɪd ˈgɑːmənts/ 针织服装。garment /ˈɡɑːmənt/ 服装；(一件)衣服
When someone says the word ‘knitting’ we might well picture an elderly person – a grandmother perhaps – sitting by the fire knitting garments for themselves or other members of the family. It’s a homely image, but one that may lead you to feel that knitting is an activity of the past – and, indeed, during the previous decade, it was one of the skills that was predicted to vanish from everyday life. For although humans have sewn and knitted their own clothing for a very long time, many of these craft-based skills went into decline when industrial machines took over – mainly because they were no longer passed down from one generation to another. However, that’s all changing and interest in knitting classes in many countries is actually rising, as more and more people are seeking formal instruction in the skill. With that trend, we’re also seeing an increase in the sales figures for knitting equipment.
picture an elderly person, 想象一个老年人。picture /ˈpɪktʃə(r)/ 想象；设想；忆起 imagine。elderly /ˈeldəli/ ADJ-GRADED 年长的;上年纪的
It’s a homely image, 这是一个朴实的形象。homely /ˈhəʊm.li/ 普通的；朴实无华的
but one that may lead you to feel that knitting is an activity of the past, 但这可能会让你觉得编织是一种过去的活动。one 指代那个 a homely image。that 引导定语从句。lead sb. to do sth：促使某人做某事。
indeed, 的确，实在 really or certainly, often used to emphasize something
during the previous decade, 在过去的十年里。previous /ˈpriː.vi.əs/ 以前的，先前的。decade /ˈdek.eɪd/ 十年;年代。
was predicted to vanish from everyday life, 被预测将从日常生活中消失。predicted /prɪˈdɪktɪd/ VERB 预言；预测；预告。vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/ VERB 消失;失踪;突然不见。everyday life 日常生活。
sewn and knitted their own clothing, 缝制和编织自己的衣服。sewn /səʊn/ 缝制；缝；缝上 ；sew/səʊ/ 的过去分词。knitted /ˈnɪtɪd/。
craft-based skills went into decline, 基于手艺的技能逐渐衰退。craft-based 基于手艺的。craft /krɑːft/ [可数名词, 不可数名词] 手艺；工艺。decline /dɪˈklaɪn/N-VAR 下降;减少;衰退;衰落。
industrial machines took over, 工业机器取代了。take over PHRASAL VERB 取代;代替;占上风。
they were no longer passed down from one generation to another, 它们不再代代相传。from one generation to another /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ 世代相传 。pass down 传下来。
interest in knitting classes, 对针织课的兴趣
seeking formal instruction in the skill, 寻求正式的技能指导
an increase in the sales figures for knitting equipment, 针织设备销售额的增长。sales figures /ˈseɪlz ˈfɪɡəz/ 销售额。equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ N-UNCOUNT 设备;装备。
So why do people want to be taught to knit at a time when a machine can readily do the job for them? The answer is that knitting, as a handicraft, has numerous benefits for those doing it. Let’s consider what some of these might be. While many people knitted garments in the past because they couldn’t afford to buy clothes, it’s still true today that knitting can be helpful if you’re experiencing economic hardship. If you have several children who all need warm winter clothes, knitting may save you a lot of money. And the results of knitting your own clothes can be very rewarding, even though the skills you need to get going are really quite basic and the financial outlay is minimal.
be taught to knit, 被教编织。taught /tɔːt/
at a time when a machine can readily do the job for them, 在机器可以轻而易举地为他们完成工作的时候。when引导定语从句。readily /ˈredɪli/ 快捷地；轻而易举地；便利地 quickly and without difficulty。
handicraft, /ˈhændikrɑːft/ 手工艺品；手工艺
numerous benefits, /ˈnjuːmərəs ˈbenɪfɪts/ 众多的好处
what some of these might be, 其中一些可能是什么
you’re experiencing economic hardship, 你正在经历经济困难。experiencing/ɪkˈspɪəriənsɪŋ/。 economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ 。hardship /ˈhɑːdʃɪp/N-VAR 艰难;艰苦;贫困
warm winter clothes, 保暖的冬衣。clothes /kləʊðz/。winter /ˈwɪntə(r)/。
rewarding, /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ ADJ-GRADED 有益的;值得的;有意义的;令人满意的
the skills you need to get going, 你需要开始行动所需的技能 —>你需要掌握的技能。get going /ɡet ˈɡəʊɪŋ/ 意思是“开始动手”或“着手进行”
the financial outlay is minimal, 财务支出也很少。outlay /ˈaʊtleɪ/ N-VAR （必要的）费用，开支。minimal /ˈmɪnɪməl/ ADJ 最小的;极少的;最低限度的
But the more significant benefits in today’s world are to do with well-being. In a world where it’s estimated that we spend up to nine hours a day online, doing something with our hands that is craft-based makes us feel good. It releases us from the stress of a technological, fast-paced life.
are to do with well-being, 与幸福有关。be to do with 与…有关；关于
a world where it’s estimated that we spend up to nine hours a day online, 一个据估计我们每天在网上花费多达九个小时的世界 —> 一个我们每天上网时间可能长达九小时的世界。it’s estimated that … 据估计，/ˈestɪmeɪtɪd/。up to 达到，接近于。
doing something with our hands, 用手做一些事情。
It releases us from the stress of a technological, fast-paced life, 它让我们从科技、快节奏的生活中解脱出来。releases /rɪˈliːsɪz/ VERB 发泄，释放(情感);展示(能力)。technological /ˌteknəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ ADJ 科技的;工艺的;技术的。fast-paced /fɑːst peɪst/ adj.快节奏的；快步调的，快节奏的
Now, let’s look back a bit to early knitting activities. In fact, no one really knows when knitting first began, but archaeological remains have disclosed plenty of information for us to think about.
look back, PHRASAL VERB 追忆；回顾
archaeological remains, 考古遗迹。archaeological /ˌɑː.ki.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ 考古学的;和考古有关的。remains /rɪˈmeɪnz/ 剩余物；残留物；遗迹，遗址
disclosed plenty of information for us to think about, 披露了大量信息供我们思考。disclosed /dɪsˈkləʊzd/VERB 揭露;泄露;使公开。about 是一个介词，它通常需要一个宾语来完整表达意思。但在这个特定的上下文中，about 的宾语并不是直接给出的名词，而是通过上下文隐含的。也就是说，我们知道 about是关于information的，因为前文已经提到了 plenty of information。然而，这种理解并不是基于省略的原则，而是基于上下文和语义的理解。在英语中，介词短语经常可以隐含其宾语，特别是当宾语在上下文中已经明确时。
One of the interesting things about knitting is that the earliest pieces of clothing that have been found suggest that most of the items produced were round rather than flat. Discoveries from the 3rd and 4th centuries in Egypt show that things like socks and gloves, that were needed to keep hands and feet warm, were knitted in one piece using four or five needles. That’s very different from most knitting patterns today, which only require two. What’s more, the very first needles people used were hand carved out of wood and other natural materials, like bone, whereas today’s needles are largely made of steel or plastic and make that characteristic clicking sound when someone’s using them. Ancient people knitted using yarns made from linen, hemp, cotton and wool, and these were often very rough on the skin. The spinning wheel, which allowed people to make finer yarns and produce much greater quantities of them, led to the dominance of wool in the knitting industry – often favoured for its warmth.
the earliest pieces of clothing, 最早的几件衣服。pieces /ˈpiːsɪz/ a single object of a particular type （某类事物中的）一件，一个，一条
were round rather than flat, 是圆的而不是平的
3rd and 4th centuries in Egypt, 3世纪和4世纪的埃及。Egypt/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ 埃及。/θɜːd/ /fɔːθ/
socks and gloves, 袜子和手套。socks /sɒks/ 袜子；短袜。gloves /glʌvz/ N-COUNT （分手指的）手套
keep hands and feet warm, 保持手脚温暖
were knitted in one piece, 编织成一条。knitted /ˈnɪtɪd/ knit/nɪt/ 。
knitting patterns, 编织模式。patterns/ˈpætnz/N-COUNT 模式；方式
were hand carved out of wood, 是用木头手工雕刻的。hand carved /hænd kɑːvd/ 手工雕刻。out of：preposition (MADE FROM) used to show what something is made from 由…制成;由…构成。wood /wʊd/
natural materials, 天然材料 /ˈnætʃrəl məˈtɪərɪəlz/
bone, /bəʊn/ N-VAR 骨；骨头
needles are largely made of steel or plastic, 针主要由钢或塑料制成。/ˈniːdlz/。/ˈlɑːdʒli/在很大程度上；多半；主要地。 of：preposition (MADE OF) made or consisting of; having 由…制成的;由…组成的;含有…的
make that characteristic clicking sound, 发出那种特有的滴答声。characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ 典型的；独特的；特有的。clicking /ˈklɪkɪŋ/ 咔嗒声。
yarns made from linen, hemp, cotton and wool, 亚麻、大麻、棉花和羊毛制成的纱线。yarns /jɑːnz/ N-MASS 纱;纱线;毛线。linen /ˈlɪnɪn/ N-MASS 亚麻布；亚麻织品。hemp /hemp/ N-UNCOUNT 大麻（一种植物，用来制绳索或大麻毒品）。cotton /ˈkɒtn/ N-UNCOUNT 棉;棉花;棉株 。wool /wʊl/ N-UNCOUNT (羊等的)毛
these were often very rough on the skin, 这些纱线在皮肤上往往非常粗糙。rough /rʌf/ 粗糙的。skin /skɪn/ 皮肤。
spinning wheel, 纺车（旧时的简易纺纱机，有一大轮，用脚操纵）/ˈspɪnɪŋ wiːl/
finer yarns, 更细的纱线。finer /ˈfaɪnə/ fine的比较级，纤细的；颗粒细微的(THIN) 。
much greater quantities, 跟多的数量–> 更多的。quantities /ˈkwɒntɪtiz/ quantity/ˈkwɒntəti/的复数 N-VAR 数量;量
led to the dominance of wool in the knitting industry, 导致了羊毛在针织行业中的主导地位。led /led/。dominance /ˈdɒmɪnəns/ N-UNCOUNT 支配;控制。knitting industry ˈnɪtɪŋ ˈɪndəstri/ 针织工业
wool often favoured for its warmth,因其保暖性而备受青睐的羊毛。favoured 修饰wool 做定语。/ˈfeɪvəd/。 /wɔːmθ/。
Another interesting fact about knitting is that because it was practised in so many parts of the world for so many purposes, regional differences in style developed. This visual identity has allowed researchers to match bits of knitted clothing that have been unearthed over time to the region from which the wearer came or the job that he or she did.
it was practised in so many parts of the world, 它在世界如此多的地方被实践/实行/练习
regional differences in style developed, 风格的区域差异逐渐显现。regional /ˈriːdʒənl/ 。developed /dɪˈveləpt/ VERB 养成(习惯);获得(名声);形成(信仰)
visual identity, 可见的特征。visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ ADJ 视觉的;视力的;可见的。identity /aɪˈdentəti/ ①N-COUNT 身份;本体②N-VAR 个性;特性
bits of knitted clothing that have been unearthed over time, 随着时间的推移而出土的针织服装碎片。bits /ˈbɪts/ N-COUNT 一点；小块；小片；小段 A bit of something is a small piece of it。 unearthed /ʌnˈɜːθt/ unearth的过去分词和过去式 挖掘；发掘；使出土。over time 随着时间的推移。
the region from which the wearer came, 佩戴者来自的地区。region/ˈriːdʒən/ 。wearer /ˈweərə(r)/ 穿戴者。
the job that he or she did, 他或她所做的工作
match bits of knitted clothing to the region or the job, 将针织服装的碎片与地区或工作相匹配。match /mætʃ/ （和…）相似；（和…）相配
As I’ve mentioned, knitting offered people from poor communities a way of making extra money while doing other tasks. For many centuries, it seems, men, women and children took every opportunity to knit, for example, while watching over sheep, walking to market or riding in boats. So, let’s move on to take a …
people from poor communities, 来自贫困社区的人们。communities/kəˈmjuːnɪtiz/
making extra money, 赚额外的钱
took every opportunity to knit, 抓住每一个机会编织。
watching over sheep, 照看绵羊。watch over 保护；照看 to protect someone and make certain that they are safe
walking to market, 步行去市场
riding in boats, 乘船。boats /bəʊts/。riding /ˈraɪdɪŋ/。
听力题目
Hand knitting
- Interest in knitting
- Knitting has a long history around the world.
- We imagine someone like a grandmother knitting.
- A decade ago, knitting was expected to disappear.
- The number of knitting classes is now increasing.
- People are buying more equipment for knitting nowadays.
- Benefits of knitting
- gives support in times of economic difficulty
- requires only basic skills and little money to start
- reduces stress in a busy life
- Early knitting
- The origins are not known.
- Findings show early knitted items to be round in shape.
- The first needles were made of natural materials such as wood and bone .
- Early yarns felt rough to touch.
- Wool became the most popular yarn for spinning.
- Geographical areas had their own style of knitting.
- Everyday tasks like looking after sheep were done while knitting.
knitting was expected to disappear, 针织预计会消失
Interest in knitting, 对编织的兴趣
gives support in times of economic difficulty, 在经济困难时期提供支持
reduces stress in a busy life, 减轻忙碌生活中的压力
The origins are not known, 起源尚不清楚。origins/ˈɒrɪdʒɪnz/ N-COUNT 起源；来源；起因；由来
Geographical areas had their own style of knitting, 地理区域有自己的编织风格。Geographical /ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkl/ 地理的；地理学的。areas /ˈeərɪəz/ N-COUNT 地区;区域
looking after sheep, 照看绵羊。=watch over
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