Section 1：CUSTOER SATISFATION SURVEY
听力原文
MAN: Hello. Do you mind if I ask you some questions about your journey today? We’re doing a customer satisfaction survey.
SOPHIE: Yes. OK. I’ve got about ten minutes before my train home leaves. I’m on a day trip.
MAN: Great. Thank you. So first of all, could you tell me your name?
SOPHIE: It’s SOPHIE Bird.
MAN: Thank you. And would you mind telling me what you do?
SOPHIE: I’m a journalist.
MAN: Oh really? That must be interesting.
SOPHIE: Yes. It is.
MAN: So was the reason for your visit here today work?
SOPHIE: Actually, it’s my day off. I came here to do some shopping.
MAN: Oh right.
SOPHIE: But I do sometimes come here for work.
a customer satisfaction survey, 顾客满意度调查
I’m on a day trip, 我在一日游
journalist, /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ N-COUNT 新闻记者；新闻工作者
So was the reason for your visit here today work?, 那么，你今天来这里的原因是工作吗？
it’s my day off, 今天是我的休息日。day off /ˌdeɪ ˈɒf/ N-COUNT 休假日;休息日
MAN: OK. Now I’d like to ask some questions about your journey today, if that’s OK.
SOPHIE: Yes. No problem.
MAN: Right, so can you tell me which station you’re travelling back to?
SOPHIE: Staunfirth, where I live.
MAN: Can I just check the spelling? S-T-A-U-N-F-I-R-T-H?
SOPHIE: That’s right.
MAN: And you travelled from there this morning?
SOPHIE: Yes.
MAN: OK, good. Next, can I ask what kind of ticket you bought? I assume it wasn’t a season ticket, as you don’t travel every day.
SOPHIE: That’s right. No, I just got a normal return ticket. I don’t have a rail card so I didn’t get any discount. I keep meaning to get one because it’s a lot cheaper.
MAN: Yes – you’d have saved 20% on your ticket today. So you paid the full price for your ticket?
SOPHIE: I paid £23.70.
MAN: OK. Do you think that’s good value for money?
SOPHIE: Not really. I think it’s too much for a journey that only takes 45 minutes.
MAN: Yes, that’s one of the main complaints we get. So, you didn’t buy your ticket in advance?
SOPHIE: No. I know it’s cheaper if you buy a week in advance but I didn’t know I was coming then.
MAN: I know. You can’t always plan ahead. So, did you buy it this morning?
SOPHIE: No, it was yesterday.
MAN: Right. And do you usually buy your tickets at the station?
SOPHIE: Well, I do usually but the ticket office closes early and I hate using ticket machines. I think ticket offices should be open for longer hours. There’s always a queue for the machines and they’re often out of order.
MAN: A lot of customers are saying the same thing.
SOPHIE: So to answer your question … I got an e-ticket online.
journey, /ˈdʒɜːni/ N-COUNT 旅行；行程
I assume it wasn’t a season ticket, 我想这不是季票
as you don’t travel every day, 因为你不是每天都旅行
a normal return ticket, 普通回程票
a week in advance, 提前一周
I didn’t know I was coming then, 我当时不知道我会来。then adv（指过去）当时，那时；（指将来）到那时，届时
You can’t always plan ahead, 你不能总是提前计划。ahead /əˈhed/ ADV 提前，预先（准备或计划）
There’s always a queue for the machines, 机器总是排着队。queue /kjuː/ （人、汽车等的）队，行列
they’re often out of order, 它们经常出现故障。out of order （机器或设备）发生故障，失灵
MAN: OK. Thank you. Now I’d like to ask you about your satisfaction with your journey. So what would you say you were most satisfied with today?
SOPHIE: Well, I like the wifi on the train. It’s improved a lot. It makes it easier for me to work if I want to.
MAN: That’s the first time today anyone’s mentioned that. It’s good to get some positive feedback on that.
SOPHIE: Mmm.
MAN: And, is there anything you weren’t satisfied with?
SOPHIE: Well, normally, the trains run on time and are pretty reliable but today there was a delay; the train was about 15 minutes behind schedule.
were most satisfied with, 最满意的是 satisfied /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/
wifi, / ˈwaɪfaɪ / 无线网络
some positive feedback, 一些正向的反馈
the train was about 15 minutes behind schedule, 火车晚点了大约15分钟。/ˈʃedjuːl/
MAN: OK. I’ll put that down. Now I’d also like to ask about the facilities at this station. You’ve probably noticed that the whole station’s been upgraded. What are you most satisfied with?
SOPHIE: I think the best thing is that they’ve improved the amount of information about train times etc. that’s given to passengers – it’s much clearer – before there was only one board and I couldn’t always see it properly – which was frustrating.
MAN: That’s good. And is there anything you’re not satisfied with?
SOPHIE: Let’s see … I think things have generally improved a lot. The trains are much more modern and I like the new café. But one thing is that there aren’t enough places to sit down, especially on the platforms.
MAN: OK – so I’ll put ‘seating’ down, shall I, as the thing you’re least satisfied with?
SOPHIE: Yes. OK.
put something down, ①放下;卸下 ②记下，写下
the whole station’s been upgraded, 整个车站都升级了 upgraded /ˌʌpˈɡreɪdɪd/
information about train times etc, 列车时刻等信息。etc/ɪtˈsetr.ə/
passengers, /ˈpæsɪndʒəz/ N-COUNT 乘客；旅客
frustrating, /frʌˈstreɪtɪŋ/ ADJ-GRADED 令人灰心的;使人沮丧的;让人懊恼的
on the platforms, 在站台上。platforms/ˈplætfɔːmz/ N-COUNT （火车站的）站台，月台
I’ll put ‘seating’ down, shall I, as the thing you’re least satisfied with?
- 正常语序：shall I put ‘seating’ down as the thing you’re least satisfied with?
- 我可以把“座位”列为你最不满意的东西吗？
MAN: Can I ask your opinion about some of the other facilities? We’d like feedback on whether people are satisfied, dissatisfied or neither satisfied nor dissatisfied.
SOPHIE: OK.
MAN: What about the parking at the station?
SOPHIE: Well to be honest, I don’t really have an opinion as I never use it.
MAN: So, neither satisfied nor dissatisfied for that then.
SOPHIE: Yes, I suppose so …
MAN: OK, and what about …?
We’d like feedback on whether people are satisfied, dissatisfied or neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 我们希望得到关于人们是否满意、不满意或既满意又不满意的反馈
听力题目
Customer details
- Name: Sophie Bird
- Occupation: journalist
- Reason for travel today: shopping
Journey information
- Name of station returning to: Staunfirth
- Type of ticket purchased: standard return ticket
- Cost of ticket: £ 23.70
- When ticket was purchased: yesterday
- Where ticket was bought: online
Satisfaction with journey
- Most satisfied with: the wifi
- Least satisfied with: the delay this morning
Satisfaction with station facilities
- Most satisfied with: how much information was provided
- Least satisfied with: lack of seats, particularly on the platform
- Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with: the parking available
Section 2：CROFT VALLEY PARK
听力原文
As chair of the town council subcommittee on park facilities, I’d like to bring you up to date on some of the changes that have been made recently to the Croft Valley Park. So if you could just take a look at the map I handed out, let’s begin with a general overview. So the basic arrangement of the park hasn’t changed – it still has two gates, north and south, and a lake in the middle.
chair of the town council subcommittee, 镇议会小组委员会的主席。subcommittee /ˈsʌbkəmɪti/ n.(委员会内的)小组委员会
hand out, /hænd aʊt/ PHRASAL VERB 分发;散发
let’s begin with a general overview, 让我们从总体概述开始。 /ˈdʒenrəl ˈəʊvəvjuː/
general overview, 一般概述 /ˈdʒenrəl ˈəʊvəvjuː/
basic arrangement, 基本布置。/əˈreɪndʒmənt/ N-COUNT 排列；布置；整理
The café continues to serve an assortment of drinks and snacks and is still in the same place, looking out over the lake and next to the old museum.
We’re hoping to change the location of the toilets, and bring them nearer to the centre of the park as they’re a bit out of the way at present, near the adventure playground, in the corner of your map.
continues to serve an assortment of drinks and snacks, 持续供应各种饮料和小吃
assortment, /əˈsɔːtmənt/ N-COUNT 各式各样;五颜六色;什锦
looking out over the lake, （从咖啡馆）可以看到湖
nearer, /ˈnɪərə/ adv 更近地
they’re a bit out of the way, 它们有点偏僻
out of the way, /ˌaʊt əv ðə ˈweɪ/ 偏僻的
in the corner of your map, 在地图的角落里 /ˈkɔːnə(r)/
The formal gardens have been replanted and should be at their best in a month or two. They used to be behind the old museum, but we’ve now used the space near the south gate – between the park boundary and the path that goes past the lake towards the old museum.
We have a new outdoor gym for adults and children, which is already proving very popular. It’s by the glass houses, just to the right of the path from the south gate. You have to look for it as it’s a bit hidden in the trees.
replanted, /ˌriːˈplɑːntɪd/ [V]to plant again 再植
be at their best in a month or two, 一两个月后达到最佳状态
the park boundary, 公园边界 /ˈbaʊndri/
the path that goes past the lake towards the old museum, 路过湖，去老博物馆的路
is already proving very popular, 事实证明，它已经非常受欢迎
首先，我们需要理解
prove这个词的用法。prove可以用作及物动词，表示“证明（某事物）是真实的、正确的”或“显示出（某性质、特点）”。然而，当prove后面跟形容词（如 popular, right, useful 等）作表语补足语时，它常常采用主动形式来表示被动意义，这种用法在语法上被称为“主动表被动”。在这个句子中，“which is already proving very popular” 是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的 “a new outdoor gym”。这里的
proving是主动形式，但它表示的是“这个新户外健身房正在显示出非常受欢迎的特点”。这里的“受欢迎”是健身房的一种性质，所以虽然从逻辑上看，“健身房”是被“证明受欢迎”的，但英语中习惯用prove的主动形式来表达这种被动意义。look for it, 寻找它
it’s a bit hidden in the trees, 它有点藏在树里
One very successful introduction has been our skateboard ramp. It’s in constant use during the evenings and holidays. It’s near the old museum, at the end of a little path that leads off from the main path between the lake and the museum.
We’ve also introduced a new area for wild flowers, to attract bees and butterflies. It’s on a bend in the path that goes round the east side of the lake, just south of the adventure playground.
It’s in constant use, 它一直在使用 /ˈkɒnstənt/
at the end of a little path, 在一条小路的尽头
a little path that leads off from the main path, 从主干道引出的一条小路。 /liːdz/
lead off (from) sth, 起始于（某地）
It’s on a bend in the path, 它在小路的转弯处 /bend/
path that goes round the east side of the lake, 绕湖东侧的小路。round /raʊnd/ adv &PREP 在…周围;围绕
Now let me tell you a bit more about some of the changes to Croft Valley Park.
One of our most exciting developments has been the adventure playground. We were aware that we had nowhere for children to let off steam, and decided to use our available funds to set up a completely new facility in a large space to the north of the park. It’s open year-round, though it closes early in the winter months, and entrance is completely free. Children can choose whatever activities they want to do, irrespective of their age, but we do ask adults not to leave them on their own there. There are plenty of seats where parents can relax and keep an eye on their children at the same time.
adventure playground, 冒险活动游乐场：一个户外区域，供儿童攀爬和玩耍，通常还配备有设备和松散的材料，用于建造项目和修改现有结构
let off steam, /let ɒf stiːm/ 发泄怒气;宣泄感情;释放精力
use our available funds, 使用我们的可用资金 /əˈveɪləbl fʌndz/ 可用资金
set up a completely new facility, 建立一个全新的设施 /kəmˈpliːtli njuː/ 全新的
It’s open year-round, 它全年开放
irrespective of their age, 无论年龄大小。 /ɪrɪˈspektɪv əv/
irrespective of, /ɪrɪˈspektɪv əv/ 不考虑；不管；不受…影响
leave them on their own there, 把他们自己留在那里。
on their own, 独立自主地，不依赖他人地 /ɒn ðeə(r) əʊn/
keep an eye on their children, 照顾好他们的孩子
keep an eye on sb., v.注意；留意 (有照看的意味) /kiːp ən aɪ ɒn/
Lastly, the glass houses. A huge amount of work has been done on them to repair the damage following the disastrous fire that recently destroyed their western side. Over £80,000 was spent on replacing the glass walls and the metal supports, as well as the plants that had been destroyed, although unfortunately the collection of tropical palm trees has proved too expensive to replace up to now. At present the glass houses are open from 10am to 3pm Mondays to Thursdays, and it’s hoped to extend this to the weekend soon. We’re grateful to all those who helped us by contributing their time and money to this achievement.
Lastly, /ˈlɑːstli/ adv.最后一点；最后
the damage following the disastrous fire, 灾难性火灾后的损失。disastrous /dɪˈzɑːstrəs/ ADJ-GRADED 极糟糕的;灾难性的
fire that recently destroyed their western side, 最近烧毁他们西侧的大火。destroyed /dɪˈstrɔɪd/
replacing the glass walls and the metal supports, 更换玻璃墙和金属支架。walls /wɔːlz/。metal /ˈmet.əl/
plants that had been destroyed, 被毁坏的植物。plants /plɑːnts/
the collection of tropical palm trees, 热带棕榈树的收藏 。tropical /ˈtrɒpɪkl/ 热带的。palm trees /pɑːm triːz/ 棕榈树
up to now, /ʌp tu naʊ/ adv.到现在为止；到目前为止
extend this to the weekend, 将此延长至周末
We’re grateful to all those, 我们感谢所有这些。grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ ADJ-GRADED 感激的；表示感谢的
contributing their time and money to this achievement, 为这一成就贡献他们的时间和金钱
The gardens have …
听力题目
- café：D
- toilets: C
- formal gardens：G
- outdoor gym: H
- skateboard ramp : A
- wild flowers: E
What does the speaker say about the adventure playground?
- A. Children must be supervised.
- B. It costs more in winter.
- C. Some activities are only for younger children.
- D. No payment is required.
- E. It was recently expanded.
Children must be supervised, 必须对儿童进行监督 /ˈsuːpəvaɪzd/
What does the speaker say about the glass houses?
- A. They are closed at weekends.
- B. Volunteers are needed to work there.
- C. They were badly damaged by fire.
- D. More money is needed to repair some of the glass.
- E. Visitors can see palm trees from tropical regions.
Section 3：PRESENTATION ABOUT REFRIGERATION
听力原文
annie: OK, Jack. Before we plan our presentation about refrigeration, let’s discuss what we’ve discovered so far.
jack: Fine, Annie. Though I have to admit I haven’t done much research yet.
annie: Nor me. But I found an interesting article about icehouses. I’d seen some 18th- and 19th-century ones here in the UK, so I knew they were often built in a shady area or underground, close to lakes that might freeze in the winter. Then blocks of ice could be cut and stored in the icehouse. But I didn’t realise that insulating the blocks with straw or sawdust meant they didn’t melt for months. The ancient Romans had refrigeration, too.
jack: I didn’t know that.
refrigeration, /rɪˌfrɪdʒə’reɪʃ(ə)n/ （通常指在冰箱中）冷藏，冷冻，保鲜（尤指食物饮料）
in a shady area or underground, 在阴凉处或地下。shady /ˈʃeɪdi/ ADJ-GRADED 背阴的;阴凉的;多阴的
might freeze in the winter, 冬天可能会结冰。freeze /friːz/ V-ERG (使)冻结;(使)结冰;(使)凝固
blocks of ice, 冰块。blocks /blɒks/ N-COUNT （长方形）块，大块
be cut and stored in the icehouse, 被切割并储存在冰库中
insulating the blocks with straw or sawdust, 用稻草或锯末将冰块隔热。insulating /ˈɪnsjuleɪtɪŋ/。 straw /strɔː/。 sawdust /ˈsɔːdʌst/
insulate, /ˈɪnsjuleɪt/ VERB 使隔热;使隔音
straw, /strɔː/ N-UNCOUNT (干的)稻草，麦秆，禾秆 N-COUNT (喝饮料用的)吸管
sawdust, /ˈsɔːdʌst/ N-UNCOUNT 锯末;锯木屑
meant they didn’t melt for months, 这意味着它们几个月都不会融化。melt /melt/
The ancient Romans, 古罗马人 Romans /ˈrəʊmənz/ 罗马人
annie: Yes, pits were dug in the ground, and snow was imported from the mountains – even though they were at quite a distance. The snow was stored in the pits. Ice formed at the bottom of it. Both the ice and the snow were then sold. The ice cost more than the snow and my guess is that only the wealthy members of society could afford it.
pits were dug in the ground, 在地下挖了洞。pits /pɪts/ N-COUNT （地面的）坑，洼；（地下的）穴，洞。dug /dʌɡ/ dig的过去分词和过去式
snow was imported from the mountains, 雪从山上被运来。imported /ɪmˈpɔːtɪd/ VERB 进口;引进
Ice formed at the bottom of it, 底部结冰
wealthy members, 富有的成员/ˈwelθi/
jack: I wouldn’t be surprised. I also came across an article about modern domestic fridges. Several different technologies are used, but they were too complex for me to understand.
annie: You have to wonder what happens when people get rid of old ones.
jack: You mean because the gases in them are harmful for the environment?
came across an article, 偶然发现一篇文章。/keɪm əˈkrɒs/
come across, /kʌm əˈkrɒs/ PHRASAL VERB 偶然发现;偶然遇见
modern domestic fridges, 现代家用冰箱。/dəˈmestɪk/ /ˈfrɪdʒɪz/
Several different technologies, 几种不同的技术 technologies /tekˈnɒlədʒiz/ N-VAR 科技;工艺;技术
You have to wonder what happens, 你一定想知道会发生什么 /ˈwʌndə(r)/
people get rid of old ones, 人们扔掉旧的 /ɡet rɪd ɒv/ 摆脱，除去
get rid of, /ɡet rɪd ɒv/ 摆脱；丢弃；扔掉
gases, /ˈɡæsɪz/ N-VAR 气体
annie: Exactly. At least there are now plenty of organisations that will recycle most of the components safely, but of course some people just dump old fridges in the countryside.
jack: It’s hard to see how they can be stopped unfortunately. In the UK we get rid of three million a year altogether!
recycle most of the components safely, 安全回收大部分组件
dump old fridges, 扔掉旧冰箱 dump /dʌmp/ VERB 丢弃;抛弃;扔掉。fridges/ˈfrɪdʒɪz/
get rid of three million a year altogether, 每年总共丢弃三百万
annie: That sounds a lot, especially because fridges hardly ever break down.
jack: That’s right. In this country we keep domestic fridges for 11 years on average, and a lot last for 20 or more. So if you divide the cost by the number of years you can use a fridge, they’re not expensive, compared with some household appliances.
keep domestic fridges for 11 years on average, 家用冰箱平均y使用11年。domestic fridges /dəˈmestɪk ˈfrɪdʒɪz/ 家用冰箱
last for 20 or more, 持续20年或以上。
divide the cost by the number of years, 将成本除以年数
compared with some household appliances, 与一些家用电器相比。household appliances /ˈhaʊshəʊld əˈplaɪənsɪz/
annie: True. I suppose manufacturers encourage people to spend more by making them different colours and designs. I’m sure when my parents bought their first fridge they had hardly any choice!
jack: Yes, there’s been quite a change.
there’s been quite a change, 变化很大
quite a/some something, used to emphasize the degree or amount of something， or to say that someone or something is impressive, interesting， or unusual。用来强调某事的程度或数量，或者说某人或某事令人印象深刻、有趣或不同寻常。
jack: Right, let’s make a list of topics to cover in our presentation, and decide who’s going to do more research on them. Then later, we can get together and plan the next step.
annie: OK. How about starting with how useful refrigeration is, and the range of goods that are refrigerated nowadays? Because of course it’s not just food and drinks.
jack: No, I suppose flowers and medicines are refrigerated, too.
annie: And computers. I could do that, unless you particularly want to.
range of goods that are refrigerated, 被冷藏的商品品种。refrigerated /rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtɪd/ VERB （常指为了保存食物而将其）冷藏
jack: No, that’s fine by me. What about the effects of refrigeration on people’s health? After all, some of the chemicals used in the 19th century were pretty harmful, but there have been lots of benefits too, like always having access to fresh food. Do you fancy dealing with that?
annie: I’m not terribly keen, to be honest.
jack: Nor me. My mind just goes blank when I read anything about chemicals.
that’s fine by me, “对我来说这没问题”或“我对此没有异议”。整个表达强调的是说话者个人的认可和接受，表明该提议或情况符合说话者的期望或标准。
After all, /ˈɑːftə(r) ɔːl/ 毕竟 used to add information that shows that what you have just said is true
Do you fancy dealing with that?, 你想处理这个问题吗？fancy /ˈfænsi/ VERB 想要;想做 （doing）
I’m not terribly keen, 我不是很热衷 terribly /ˈterəbli/ (especially 英国英语)非常；很 very
Nor me, 我也不是
My mind just goes blank, 我脑子一片空白。
anything about chemicals, 任何关于化学品 /ˈkɛmɪkəlz/ N-COUNT 化学品;化合物;化学制品
annie: Oh, all right then, I’ll do you a favour. But you owe me, Jack.OK. What about the effects on food producers, like farmers in poorer countries being able to export their produce to developed countries? Something for you, maybe?
jack: I don’t mind. It should be quite interesting.
annie: I think we should also look at how refrigeration has helped whole cities – like Las Vegas, which couldn’t exist without refrigeration because it’s in the middle of a desert.
jack: Right. I had a quick look at an economics book in the library that’s got a chapter about this sort of thing. I could give you the title, if you want to do this section.
annie: Not particularly, to be honest. I find economics books pretty heavy going, as a rule.
jack: OK, leave it to me, then.
all right then, /ɔːl raɪt ðen/ 那好吧。表示同意或接受建议或提议。
I’ll do you a favour, 我帮你一个忙。favour /ˈfeɪvə(r)/ N-COUNT 恩惠;帮忙 (do someone a favour)
you owe me, 你欠我的 /ju əʊ mi/
export their produce to developed countries, 向发达国家出口农产品 /ˈprɒdʒ.uːs/
produce, ①/prəˈdʒuːs/ verb [ T ] 生产;出产;制造 ② /ˈprɒdʒ.uːs/ （尤指大量生产的）食品，农产品
that’s got a chapter about this sort of thing, 那有一章是关于这类事情的。/ˈtʃæptə(r)/
this section, 这个部分。/ˈsekʃn/
I find economics books pretty heavy going, 我发现经济学书籍相当难懂。heavy going /ˌhev.i ˈɡəʊ.ɪŋ/ 难读的；难以理解的
leave it to me, 交给我来处理：将某事的责任交给我来处理。
annie: Thanks. Then there’s transport, and the difference that refrigerated trucks have made. I wouldn’t mind having a go at that.
jack: Don’t forget trains, too. I read something about milk and butter being transported in refrigerated railroad cars in the USA, right back in the 1840s.
annie: I hadn’t thought of trains. Thanks.
jack: Shall we have a separate section on domestic fridges? After all, they’re something everyone’s familiar with.
annie: What about splitting it into two? You could investigate 19th- and 20th- century fridges, and I’ll concentrate on what’s available these days, and how manufacturers differentiate their products from those of their competitors.
jack: OK, that’d suit me.
the difference that refrigerated trucks have made, 冷藏车带来的不同(影响) refrigerated trucks /rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtɪd trʌks/
refrigerated trucks, /rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtɪd trʌks/ 冷藏车
I wouldn’t mind having a go at that, 我不介意尝试一下
milk and butter, 牛奶和黄油 /ˈbʌtə(r)/
refrigerated railroad cars, 冷藏铁路车厢 /rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtɪd/ /ˈreɪlrəʊd/
a separate section, 单独的部分 separate / ˈseprət / 单独的；独立的；分开的
splitting it into two, 将其一分为二 splitting /ˈsplɪtɪŋ/ 分开，使分开（成为几个部分）
differentiate their products from those of their competitors, 将他们的产品与竞争对手的产品区分开来。/ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt/ /kəmˈpetɪtəz/
differentiate ,/ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt/ VERB 区分;区别;辨别
competitors, /kəmˈpetɪtəz/ N-COUNT 竞争者;对手
that’d suit me, 那很适合我 /suːt/
听力题目
What did Annie discover from reading about icehouses?
- A. why they were first created
- B. how the ice was kept frozen
- C. where they were located
What point does Annie make about refrigeration in ancient Rome?
A. It became a commercial business.
B. It use d snow from nearby.
C. It took a long time to become popular.
In connection with modern refrigerators, both Annie and Jack are worried about
-
A. the complexity of the technology.
- B. the fact that some are disposed of irresponsibly.
- C. the large number that quickly break down.
What do Jack and Annie agree regarding domestic fridges?
- A. They are generally good value for money.
- B. There are plenty of useful variations.
- C. They are more useful than other domestic appliances.
In connection with modern refrigerators, 关于现代冰箱 /rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtəz/ N-COUNT （电）冰箱
in connection with sb/sth, 与…有关（或相关）
refrigerator,/rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtə(r)/ N-COUNT （电）冰箱
some are disposed of irresponsibly, 有些冰箱被不负责任地丢弃了。irresponsibly /ˌɪrɪsˈpɒnsəblɪ/。disposed /dɪˈspəʊzd/
dispose of something, /dɪˈspəʊz ɒv/ PHRASAL VERB 丢掉;清除;处理
They are generally good value for money, 它们通常物有所值。
good value for money, /ɡʊd ˈvæljuː fɔː(r) ˈmʌni/ 物有所值
There are plenty of useful variations, 有很多有用的变化。variations /ˌveərɪˈeɪʃənz/ N-VAR （等级或数量的）变化，变动，变更
other domestic appliances, 其他家用电器/əˈplaɪənsɪz/ /dəˈmestɪk/
Who is going to do research into each topic?
- the goods that are refrigerated ： Annie
- the effects on health ： Annie
- the impact on food producers ： Jack
- the impact on cities ： Jack
- refrigerated transport ： Annie
- domestic fridges ： both Annie and Jack
Section 4：HOW THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AFFECTE
听力原文
Hi everyone, in this session I’ll be presenting my research about the social history of Britain during the Industrial Revolution. I particularly looked at how ordinary lives were affected by changes that happened at that time. This was a time that saw the beginning of a new phenomenon: consumerism – where buying and selling goods became a major part of ordinary people’s lives.
social history of Britain, 英国社会史。/ˈbrɪtn/
the Industrial Revolution, /ði ɪnˌdʌstriəl revəˈluːʃn/ 工业革命(默认第一次)
ordinary lives, 普通人的生活。/ˈɔː.dən.əri lɪvz/
This was a time that saw the beginning of a new phenomenon, 这是一个见证了新现象开始的时代 phenomenon /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ N-COUNT 现象
consumerism, /kənˈsjuːmərɪzəm/ N-UNCOUNT 消费主义
buying and selling goods became a major part of ordinary people’s lives, 买卖商品成为普通人生活的重要组成部分
In fact, it was in the 19th century that the quantity and quality of people’s possessions was used as an indication of the wealth of the country. Before this, the vast majority of people had very few possessions, but all that was changed by the Industrial Revolution. This was the era from the mid-18th to the late 19th century, when improvements in how goods were made as well as in technology triggered massive social changes that transformed life for just about everybody in several key areas.
the quantity and quality of people’s possessions, 人们财产的数量和质量。possessions /pəˈzeʃənz/ N-COUNT 所有物；财产；财物
an indication of the wealth of the country, 国家财富的象征。indication /ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn/ 表明；标示；显示；象征。wealth /welθ/ N-UNCOUNT 财富;财产
the vast majority of people, /ðə vɑːst məˈdʒɒrəti ɒv ˈpiːpl/ 绝大多数人
majority, /məˈdʒɒrəti/ N-SING-COLL 多数;大多数。
vast, /vɑːst/ ADJ-GRADED 巨大的;广大的;广阔的
the era from the mid-18th to the late 19th century, 从18世纪中叶到19世纪末的时代。era /ˈɪərə/
triggered massive social changes, 引发了巨大的社会变革 /ˈtrɪɡəd/ /ˈmæsɪv/
triggered, /ˈtrɪɡəd/ VERB 引起;发动;促使
massive, /ˈmæsɪv/ ADJ-GRADED 巨大的;庞大的;厚重的;强大的
transformed life, 改变了生活 /trænsˈfɔːmd/ VERB 改善;使改观;使改头换面
in several key areas, 在几个关键领域 /ˈsevrəl/
First let’s look at manufacturing. When it comes to manufacturing, we tend to think of the Industrial Revolution in images of steam engines and coal. And it’s true that the Industrial Revolution couldn’t have taken place at all if it weren’t for these new sources of power.They marked an important shift away from the traditional watermills and windmills that had dominated before this. The most advanced industry for much of the 19th century was textiles. This meant that fashionable fabrics, and lace and ribbons were made available to everyone.
in images of steam engines and coal, /ˈɪmɪdʒɪz/ / ˈendʒɪnz //kəʊl/“以蒸汽机和煤炭的形象”或“通过蒸汽机和煤炭的画面””in images of” 这个短语的意思是“以……的形象”或“通过……的形象”。
steam engine, /stiːm ˈendʒɪn/ 蒸汽机
couldn’t have taken place at all, 根本不可能发生
at all, （用于否定句和疑问句，表示强调）根本，无论如何，丝毫，一点儿
if it weren’t for these new sources of power, 如果没有这些新的能源。If it weren’t for 表达一种假设条件，意思是“如果不是因为……的话”
They marked an important shift, 他们标志着一个重要的转变。marked /mɑːkt/。shift /ʃɪft/ 改变；转移；转换；变换
away from the traditional watermills and windmills, 从传统的水车和风车中脱离出=取代传统的水车和风车
away from, 从……中脱离出来
watermills, /ˈwɔːtəmɪlz/ N-COUNT 水磨;水力磨粉机
windmills, /ˈwɪnmɪlz/ N-COUNT 风车磨坊；（风力发电的）风车
The most advanced industry, 最先进的产业
textiles, /ˈtekstaɪlz/ N-PLURAL 纺织业
fashionable fabrics, and lace and ribbons, 时尚面料、蕾丝和缎带。
fabrics, /ˈfæbrɪks/ N-MASS 织物;布料。
ribbons, /ˈrɪbənz/ N-VAR （用作捆绑或装饰的）缎带，丝带
lace, /leɪs/ 网眼织物；花边，蕾丝
Before the Industrial Revolution, most people made goods to sell in small workshops, often in their own homes. But enormous new machines were now being created that could produce the goods faster and on a larger scale, and these required a lot more space. So large factories were built, replacing the workshops, and forcing workers to travel to work. In fact, large numbers of people migrated from villages into towns as a result.
enormous new machines were now being created, 那时，正在制造巨大的新机器 /kriˈeɪtɪd/
and on a larger scale, 并且更大规模 scale /skeɪl/
forcing workers to travel to work, 迫使工人们前往工厂工作 (travel to work 有上下班通勤的意思 )“travel”也可以被用来指代从居住地到工作地点的移动过程
migrated from villages into towns, 从乡村迁移至城镇 migrated /maɪˈɡreɪtɪd/
As well as manufacturing, there were new technologies in transport, contributing to the growth of consumerism. The horse-drawn stagecoaches and carts of the 18th century, which carried very few people and goods, and travelled slowly along poorly surfaced roads, were gradually replaced by the numerous canals that were constructed. These were particularly important for the transportation of goods. The canals gradually fell out of use, though, as railways were developed, becoming the main way of moving goods and people from one end of the country to the other. And the goods they moved weren’t just coal, iron, clothes, and so on – significantly, they included newspapers, which meant that thousands of people were not only more knowledgeable about what was going on in the country, but could also read about what was available in the shops. And that encouraged them to buy more. So faster forms of transport resulted in distribution becoming far more efficient – goods could now be sold all over the country, instead of just in the local market.
As well as manufacturing, /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərɪŋ/ 除了制造业之外。 as well (as sb/sth) 除…之外；也；还 in addition to sb/sth; too
contributing to the growth of consumerism, 导致消费主义的增长 /kənˈtrɪbjuːtɪŋ/
horse-drawn, /ˈhɔːs drɔːn/ ADJ （车）马拉的
stagecoaches, /ˈsteɪdʒkəʊtʃɪz/ N-COUNT 驿站马车
carts, /kɑːts/ N-COUNT (旧时的)马车，木车
along poorly surfaced roads, 沿着路面较差的道路 poorly /ˈpɔːli/ 。 “poorly surfaced”意味着道路的路面可能不平整、有裂缝、坑洼或破损
numerous canals, 众多运河。numerous /ˈnjuːmərəs/ canals /kəˈnælz/ N-COUNT 运河;水道;沟渠
The canals gradually fell out of use, 运河逐渐不再使用。 /fel/
fall out of use, /fɔːl aʊt ɒv juːz/ 不再使用；废弃不用
as railways were developed, 由于铁路的发展
iron, /ˈaɪən/ N-UNCOUNT 铁
more knowledgeable, 更有见识 /ˈnɒlɪdʒəbl/
what was going on in the country, 这个国家发生了什么事
And that encouraged them to buy more, 这鼓励他们购买更多
faster forms of transport, 更快的交通方式
resulted in distribution becoming far more efficient, 使派送变得更加高效 distribution /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ N-UNCOUNT 分发;分派;分送。 efficient/ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/
The third main area that saw changes that contributed to consumerism was retailing. The number and quality of shops grew rapidly, and in particular, small shops suffered as customers flocked to the growing number of department stores – a form of retailing that was new in the 19th century. The entrepreneurs who opened these found new ways to stock them with goods, and to attract customers: for instance, improved lighting inside greatly increased the visibility of the goods for sale. Another development that made goods more visible from outside resulted from the use of plate glass, which made it possible for windows to be much larger than previously. New ways of promoting goods were introduced, too. Previously, the focus had been on informing potential customers about the availability of goods; now there was an explosion in advertising trying to persuade people to go shopping.
retailing, N-UNCOUNT 零售业 /ˈriːteɪlɪŋ/
retail, / rɪˈteɪl/ N-UNCOUNT 零售;零卖 VERB （以…价格）零售，零卖
grew rapidly, 迅速增长
small shops suffered, 小店铺受到影响。suffered/ˈsʌfəd/ [ I or T ] 经历，经受，遭受（坏事）
customers flocked to the growing number of department stores, 顾客涌向越来越多的百货商店。 /flɒkt tu/ 。 /dɪˈpɑːtmənt stɔːz/
flock, /flɒk/ VERB 蜂拥;群集 (to)
department store, /dɪˈpɑːtmənt stɔː(r)/ N-COUNT 百货商店;百货公司
improved lighting inside, 改进了的室内照明
greatly increased the visibility of the goods, 大大提高了货物的可见性。visibility /ˌvɪzəˈbɪləti/ N-UNCOUNT 可见度;能见度
made goods more visible from outside, 使商品从外面能够被看见。visible /ˈvɪzəbl/ ADJ-GRADED 可见的;看得见的
resulted from the use of plate glass, 由于使用平板玻璃 /rɪˈzʌltɪd frəm/
result, /rɪˈzʌlt/ [单独使用的动词] ~ (from sth) （因…）发生；（随…）产生
plate glass, /ˌpleɪt ˈɡlɑːs/ N-UNCOUNT （尤用于制作大型门窗的）平板玻璃
plate, /pleɪt/ N-COUNT 盘；碟
be much larger than previously, 比以前大得多。/ˈpriːviəsli/ ADV 先前；以前
promoting goods, 促销商品。/prəˈməʊtɪŋ/
promote, /prəˈməʊt/ VERB 促销；推广；推销
the focus had been on informing potential customers, 重点是告知潜在客户
the availability of goods, 货物的可得性 /əˌveɪlə’bɪləti/ 可得性
availability, /əˌveɪlə’bɪləti/ 可得性 the fact that something can be bought, used, or reached, or how much it can be
there was an explosion in advertising, 广告业爆发了。/ɪkˈspləʊʒn/
explosion, /ɪkˈspləʊʒn/ N-COUNT 激增;骤增
advertising, /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/ N-UNCOUNT 广告活动;做广告
Flanders claims that one of the great effects of the Industrial Revolution was that it created choice. All sorts of things that had previously been luxuries – from sugar to cutlery – became conveniences, and before long they’d turned into necessities: life without sugar or cutlery was unimaginable. Rather like mobile phones these days!
one of the great effects of the Industrial Revolution, 工业革命的重大影响之一 /ɪˈfekts/
luxuries, 奢侈品 /ˈlʌkʃəriz/
from sugar to cutlery, 从糖到餐具。cutlery /ˈkʌtləri/
conveniences, /kənˈviːniənsɪz/ the state of being convenient 方便，便利；合宜；近便
before long they’d turned into necessities, 不久，它们就变成了必需品。/nəˈsesətiz/
before long, /bɪˈfɔː(r) lɒŋ/ 不久，很快
necessity, /nəˈsesəti/ N-COUNT 必需品;必不可少的事物
unimaginable, /ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnəbl/ ADJ-GRADED 不可想象的；难以理解的；异乎寻常的
Rather like mobile phones these days, 就非常像现在的手机一样
听力题目
19th century
- For the first time, people’s possessions were used to measure Britain’s wealth
- Developments in production of goods and in technology greatly changed lives.
MAIN AREAS OF CHANGE
Manufacturing
- The Industrial Revolution would not have happened without the new types of power that were used then.
- The leading industry was textile (its products became widely available).
- New machines made factories necessary and so more people moved into towns.
Transport
- The railways took the place of canals.
- Because of the new transport:
- greater access to newspapers made people more aware of what they could buy in shops.
- when shopping, people were not limited to buying local goods
Retailing
- The first department stores were opened.
- The displays of goods were more visible:
- inside stores because of better lighting
- outside stores, because windows were bigger.
- Advertising that was persuasive became much more common.
production of goods, 商品生产 production /prəˈdʌkʃn/ N-UNCOUNT （大量）生产，制造，制作
technology, /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ N-VAR 科技;工艺;技术
measure Britain’s wealth, 衡量英国的财富。
measure, /ˈmeʒə(r)/ VERB 衡量；估量;评估;判定
The leading industry, 主导产业
The railways took the place of canals, 铁路取代了运河
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