▲连读
突破英语听力口语瓶颈01｜掌握连读，听懂老外说话，说得更流利_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
1. Consonant to vowel linking 辅音元音连读 （the most common）
wake up come in move over work out my sister is an apple
work at leave it
2. Consonant to consonant Linking 辅音辅音连读 Rather than saying the consonant soud twice.
That time Hot tea stop playing Need to sleep better Red drees
Big gorilla Feel like Phone number Enough for Pink car Nice scarf
3. Vowel to Vowel Linking 元音元音连读:
To create a smooth link from a word ending in a vowel sound into a word beginning with a vowel sound，
an extra sound /y/ or /w/ is added between the words.
I answered = I yanswered Do it = Do wit Go in = Go win Go out=Go wout
She asked = She yasked My uncle=My yuncle Say it=Say yit Try again=Try yagain
How about = How wabout Few others=Few wothers
▲略读
突破英语听力口语瓶颈02｜掌握略读，听力更灵光，说得更连贯_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
1. Deletion of /t/
(1) Deleting /t/ Between Consonants:
When a word ending in consonant /t/ links into a word beginning with a consonant,
the final /t/ of the first word is often dropped
first day = firs day : Sam's firs(t) day of school is tomorrow.
best friends=bes friends: The twins are bes(t) friends.
best day=bes day:It was the bes(t) day of my life.
must be=mus be: That mus(t) be hard.
interest rates=interes rates:Interes(t) rates have remained low.
left my=lef my: I lef(t) my keys in the restaurant.
(2) Deleting /t/ Between /nt/ and a Vowel Sound:
When a word ending in /nt/ links into a word begfinning wfth a vowel sound,
the final /t/ is often dropped
percent of = percen of: Ten percent of the profits are given to charity.
apartment in = apartmen in: She moved into an apartment in the city.
president announced=presiden announced: Our company president announced her retirement.
accident occurred=acciden occurred: The accident occurred early in the morning.
2. Deletion of /d/:
The /d/ is dropped when a word ending in /nd/ links into a word that begins with a consonant sound.
So the /n/ connects with the begining consonant sound of the followfng word.
hand me=han me: Could you han(d) me tha(t) bag?
old version=ol version: I don't like the ol(d) version of iPhone
stand back=stan back: Please stan(d) back from the yellow line.
sound familiar=soun familiar: That does sound familiar.
weekend project=weeken project: We're planning a big weeken(d) project
and said = an said: She called and said she was sorry.
单词重音
突破英语听力口语瓶颈02｜掌握略读，听力更灵光，说得更连贯_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
1.syllable(音节)
Every word is made from syllables.
The number of syllables in the word is decidled by its number of vowel sounds.
dog /dɔɡ/ 1个音节
machine /məˈʃiːn/ 2个音节
banana /bə'nænə/ 3个音节
2. Word Stress Rules
(1)Nouns and Adjectives with Two Syllables: the stress is usually on the first syllable
monkey; teacher; table; pretty; clever;
(2)Verbs and Prepositions with Two Syllables: we generally stress the second syllable
attend; begin; survive; around;
(3)Three-Syllable Words Ending in "er" and "ly" : the stress is placed on the first syllable
suddenly; happily; perfectly; manager; gardener;
(4)Words Ending in "ic, " "sion" and "tion":
the stress is usually on the second- to-last (倒数第二) syllable
photographic；dramatic； commission; creation; caution;
(5)Words Ending in "cy," "ty," "phy," "gy," and "al":
the stress is often on the third-to-last(倒数第三) syllable
democracy; university; photography; autobiography; logical; physical; commodity;
phychology; entomology;
(6) Compound Nouns 复合名词: the word stress is on the first syllable
keyboard; someone; newspaper; waterfall; birthday;
(7)Compound Adjetives and Verbs 复合形容词和动词: the Stress is on the second word
old-fashioned; bad-tempered; understand; overflow;
3. These are the general rules of wordl stress but do not rely on them too much
as there are many exceptions.
句子重音
突破英语听力口语瓶颈05｜掌握句子重音2条规则，秒变地道美音_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
1.Sentences = Content Words(实词) + Function Words（虚词）
Content Words (more stress）
Nouns (paper, coffee, Mr. Smith)
Main Verbs [talk, watched, need, find)
Adjectives (tall, blue, enchanting)
Wh-words (why, what, how, etc.）
Adverbs (slowly, nervously)
Negation words (no, not, isn't, won't)
Possessive pronouns (Those are hers)
This/that as pronouns (She wants this.]
Function Words （less stress)
Prepositions (it, on, for, with)
Determiners (a, the, some)
Helping verbs(I'm going to leave, She has seen it etc.going和has为虚词)
Conjunctions (for, and, but, yet, etc.)
Most pronouns (she, it, they, them, him, etc.）
The verb“be" (He's a teacher, She is right, etc.）
2.Sentence Stress Rules
(1)content words are stressed and function words are uInstressed
(2)the time between stressed words is always the same:
Sentences with the same amount of stressed syllables take nearly the same amount of
time to say regardless of the number of unstressed syllables.
Kids beat drums.
The kids beat drums.
The kids beat the drums.
The kids will beat the drums.
The kids will be beating the drums.
以上的实词有：Kids；beat；drums三个，但是读完句子所花费的时间要是相同的。
3.Sentence Stress Practice
I'm (sorry). The (class) is (full).
Do you (have) any (brothers) or (sisters)?
She does (not) (know) the (answer).
We are (not) (familiar) with this (new computer program).
She is going to study tonight.
They will ask the teacher for help.
4. 建议：Native Speech Analysis（母语演讲分析）
掌握意群断句
突破英语听力口语瓶颈06｜掌握意群断句，从此抑扬顿挫_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
1.Features of Thought Groups意群特点
(1)A pause at the end 未尾停顿
(2)The focus word 焦点词
焦点词通常是意群最后一个实词，并且需要重读（最大）。
2.practice
How do I get to the (hotel) // from the (airport)?
If I forget to pay my (bill), // please (remind) me about it.
The first item // on our (agenda) // is to address (parking).
I was (wondering) // if I could make a (reservation) // for next (Saturday).
I'd like to introduce my (wife) // (Nita).
Microsoft CEO Bill (Gates) // started a (charity) // to fight (poverty).
语调6大规则
突破英语听力口语瓶颈08｜掌握语调6大规则，扭转枯燥腔调_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
6 Types of Sentences:
1.Certainty and Uncertainty 确定和不确定
(1)Certainty: 焦点词用降调
A:When are you available(↘) // to meet(↘)?
B:I'm ftree anytime(↘) // this week(↘).
A:Great. How about tomorrow morning(↘)?
A:That works for me. See you then
(2)Uncertainty/Surprise
A:It looks like today's your nother's birthday.
B:Today is my mother's birthday(↗)?
2.Tag Questions附加疑问句：
(↘)表示Confirm information确认信息，
(↗)表示Ask forclarification要求澄清
She's not coming in, is she(↘)？确信她不会来，只是再次确认一遍
You live in China, don't you(↘)？确信对方生活在中国，只是再次确认一遍
She's not coming in, is she(↗)？认为她可能不会进来，但是不确定，希望对方给出更多信息
You live in China, don't you(↗)？认为对方生活在中国，但不确定
3.Yes/No Questions是或否疑问句： 句尾(↗)
Do you understand that？
Do you have Dave's phone number?
Are you going on vacation？
4.Request for Clarifications请求澄清：
A: I need to pick up her apartment key today?
B: When?(↗) 升调表示希望对方重复同样的信息，因为没听清对方说什么或者不相信对方说的话
A: Today.
A: I need to pick up her apartment key today?
B: When?(↘) 降调表示希望更多的信息
A: 3 PM
5.Choice Questions选择疑问句
Would you like coffee(↗) or tea(↘)? 表示只提供咖啡和茶，封闭选择疑问句(closed-choice)
closed-choice: A↗, B↗, C↗...Z↘?
Would you like coffee(→) or tea(↗)? 表示除咖啡和茶外还有其他选择,开发选择疑问句(open-choice)
open-choice：A→, B→, C→...Z↗?
6.WH Questions以WH开头的疑问句
Where should we go for dinner(↘)?
What tinne's the neeting(↘)?
When dlid] you get here(↘)?
How old lis your daughter(↘)?
美音与英音的本质区别
突破英语听力口语瓶颈10｜6分钟搞清英式美式发音的本质区别_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
1.Difference in the Shape of Mouth 口型的区别
美式：嘴唇放松，嘴巴更宽，使用口腔后部肌肉
英式：更靠前，嘴唇和脸颊更紧
Can I have a cup of water?
2. Differences in C onsonant Sounds 辅音发音的区别
(1) /r/：美式这个音更多：Roast dinner will be pork, carrots, and turnips
(2)/t/: 美式中，如果/t/在两个元音之间，这个/t/经常被浊化为/d/。英音不会
Betty's daughter's butter is better than Tamara's or Matt's
3.Differences in Vowel Sounds 元音发音的区别
(1) 英/əʊ/：从口腔中央开始； 美/oʊ/：从口腔后面开始
(2) 英/ɜː/ 美/ɜːr/
(3) 英/ɑː/ 美/ɑːr/
...
主要体现在卷舌音上
▲美式T的5种发音
突破英语听力口语瓶颈11｜听力差？了解一下美式T的5种发音_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
1. True t:真正的清辅音/t/，出现在一个词或一个重读音节的第一个音
table /ˈteɪbl/ teacher /'titʃɚ/ together /tə'ɡɛðɚ/ attach/əˈtætʃ/
pretend /prɪˈtend/
2. Flap T 像非常快速的/d/，出现在两个元音之间
Water/ˈwɑːt̬ɚ/ Butter/ˈbʌt̬.ɚ/ daughter/ˈdɑːt̬ɚ/
computer /kəmˈpjuː.t̬ɚ/ city/ˈsɪt̬i/ matter /ˈmæt̬.ɚ/
know it all /noʊ//ɪt//ɑːl/ not at all /nɑːt//æt//ɑːl/
What are you doing?
3.Held T: 舌头放好位置，但是不发声也不送气，出现在单词的末尾
hat great don't can't but won't not lot football
I like your hat.
That's great!
I can't go.
I didn't like shopping.
4.Glottal T: 这样的T也不发音，形成一个小停顿
button/ˈbʌtn/ certain/ˈsɜːrtn/ written/'rɪtn/ mountain/ˈmaʊntən/
kitten/'kɪtn/ cotton/ˈkɑːtn/ important/ɪm'pɔrtnt/
5.Silent T
(1)/t/ 在 /n/ 之后不发声
Internet：/ˈɪntərnet/ --> /ˈɪnnərnet/
Interview /ˈɪntərvjuː/ --> /ˈɪnnərvjuː/
Center /'sɛntɚ/ --> /'sɛnnɚ/
printer /ˈprɪntər/ --> /ˈprɪnnər/
winter /'wɪntɚ/ --> /'wɪnnɚ/
(2) t在两个辅音之间会也不发声
prints acts accepts
▲语音同化
突破英语听力口语瓶颈12｜了解语音同化，让你说得更顺口_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
- /d/ or /dz/ followed by /y/(有些写成/j/)
/d/ or /dz/ + /y/ = /dʒ/
Would you like to come in?
Would you mind?
What did you do last weekend?
Don’t bite the hand that feeds you.
Here are the records your friend wants.
/z/ followed by /y/
/z/+/y/=/ʒ/
Does your roommate cook ?
Has your plane landed?
Is your on time?
/t/ or /ts/ followed by /y/
/t/ or /ts/ + /y/ = /tʃ/
I’ll beat you there!
Isn’t that your friend?
I met you yesterday.
When she meets you, she ‘ll love you.
What’s your name?
I’m sorry this hurts you.
/s/ followed by /y/
/s/ + /j/ = /ʃ/
You nee(d) to face your fears.
I hope you pass your class.
Don’t miss your train!
/n/ changes to /m/ before /b/, /m/ & /p/
/n/音变为/m/音，这是因为我们的嘴唇为了/b/, /m/ & /p/音而闭上
【个人】不需要太在意这个点，因为我读快了的时候就自然会闭上
I live in Barcelona. /ˌbɑːr.səˈloʊ.nə/
I live in Madrid. /məˈdrɪd/
We went to an open market.
I live in Paris.
Get me a brown paper. /braʊn/
/n/ changes to /ŋ/ before /k/ & /g/
在/k/和/g/之前，/n/可以变为/ŋ/，因为/k/和/g/是在你的嘴后面产生的
【个人】感觉这个也是自然而然的，不需要刻意练习
ten kings
common ground
human capital
iron curtain /aɪrn/ /ˈkɝː.t̬ən/
/s/ changes to /ʃ/ before /ʃ/
【个人】读起来感觉更像是省略了/s/
nice shoes
bus shelter /ˈʃel.t̬ɚ/
dress shop
space shuttle
/θ/ changes to /s/ before /s/
【个人】读起来感觉更像是省略了/θ/
earth science
both sexes
fourth season
bath salts
/t/ changes to /p/ before /m/ /b/ or /p/
【个人】读起来感觉更像是省略了/t/，/p/有发音但是不明显
basket maker
hot money
put back
sweet pepper
/d/ changes to /b/ before /m/ /b/ or /p/
【个人】读起来感觉更像是省略了/d/，/b/有发音但是不明显
old man
good morning
dead beat
red book
bad pain
blood pressure /blʌd/ /ˈpreʃ.ɚ/
/t/ changes to /k/ before /k/ or /g/
【个人】读起来感觉更像是省略了/t/
smart card
that cake
credit card
cut glass
fat girl
/d/ changes to /g/ before /k/ or /g/
【个人】读起来感觉更像是省略了/d/
red carpet /ˈkɑːrpɪt/
second cousin /ˈkʌzən/
hard copy
bad girl
had gone
slide guitar
【总结】
1./d/ or /dz/ + /y/ = /dʒ/
2./t/ or /ts/ + /y/ = /tʃ/
3./z/+/y/=/ʒ/
4./s/+/y/=/ʃ/
5./n/ ： (1)/b/, /m/ & /p/ (2) /k/ & /g/
6./s/省略：/ʃ/
7./θ/省略：/s/
8./t/省略：(1)/m/ /b/ or /p/ (2)/k/ or /g/
9./d/省略：(1)/m/ /b/ or /p/ (2)/k/ or /g/
美式Q弹舌头5步训练法
突破英语听力口语瓶颈14｜美式Q弹舌头5步训练法_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
Tongue I Extension舌头伸展
把舌头尽可能地伸远，把舌头伸直3秒，然后放松，重复5次
Tongue Elevation Along the Palate 舌头沿上颚抬高
舌头触碰牙槽嵴，就在你牙齿后面，尽量张大你的嘴，把你的舌头从前面移到后面，沿着你的上颚。然后放松，重复5次
Tongue Retraction 舌头回缩
把你的舌尖靠近你的下牙，把你的舌头往后拉，让舌尖接触到你的嘴底，坚持3秒，重复5次
Back of Tongue Strengthening 加强舌根
把舌尖放在靠近下牙的地方，确保你的舌尖不动。然后舌根在喉咙后面，上下移动，做10次
Draw Circles 画卷圈
用舌头沿着脸颊绕一圈
Tongue Twisters 绕口令
Red lorry, yellow lorry
I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice cream.
Rolling red wagons
A really leery Larry rolls readily to the road.
The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne throughout Thursday.
Is it this, that, those, these, and there or for when that I eat this?
I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn’t the thought I thought I thought.
If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought, I wouldn’t have thought I thought.
听力考试中快速有效记笔记
突破英语听力口语瓶颈18｜听力考试中，怎样快速有效记笔记？_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
关键信息的实词
Write down only consonants 只写下辅音
sleep→ slp
symptoms→smptms
depression → dprsnUse symbols 使用符号
Use two-column layout for conversation 对话分栏
类似这样：
A角色 B角色 A说的内容 B说的内容 Write down the structure 写下结构（行文的结构）
▲掌握5种弱读
突破英语听力口语瓶颈20｜掌握5种弱读，不怕老外超快语速_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
Reducing Conjunctions 弱读连词
and：/ənd , ænd/ –> /ən/
- apples and oranges
- you and me
or: /ɔː(r)/ –>/ər/
- soup or salad
- he or she
- Whether you like it or not
as: /æz/ –> /əz/
- might as well
- as soon as
Reducing Prepositions 弱读介词
to: / tuː/ —> /tə/
- Talk to me.
- He asked me to go.
for: /fɔː(r) /—>/fə/
- Are you looking for trouble?
- What’s for dinner?
of: /ɒv , ʌv/ —> /əv/ /ə/
- worst of all
- a glass of water
- a lot of people
- one of those
- part of
- kind of
- sort of
Reducing Auxiliary Verbs 弱读助动词
have: /hæv/ —> /əv/ /ə/
- You could have gone with me.
- I should have done that.
has: /hæz/ —> /əv/ /ə/
- Where has she been?
- It has a view.
can: /kæn/—> /kən/
- Ican do this.
- Can you make it?
Reducing Pronouns 弱读代词
he: /hi/—>/i/
- Could he cheat?
- Would he come?
you: /ju/—>/yə/
- I gave it to you.
- Talk to you later.
- See you.
her: /hə(r)/ —> /ə(r)/
- Use her notes.
- I like her.
his: /hɪz/ —> /ɪz/
- Use his notes.
- I got his name.
him: /hɪm/ —> /ɪm/ /əm/
- Give him time.
- Let him know.
Reducing Verb+to 弱读动词+to
want to → wanna
- I want to get it done.
- I want to go out tonight.
going to → gonna
- I am going to do my homework tomorrow.
- I am going to visit my parents.
have to → hafta
- You have to talk to your mom.
- You have to work hard.
has to → hasta
- She has to wear a mask.
- She has to go to school.
had to → hada
- She had to get a ride last night.
ought to → oudda
- I ought to try harder
▲5种常见缩读
突破英语听力口语瓶颈21｜盘点5种缩读，看美剧英剧超轻松_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
Contractions related to “will” 和Will有关的缩读
I will → I’ll /aɪl/ → 懒一点的读法近似 /aʊ/
- I’ll think about it.
You will → You’ll /juːl/
- You’ll like it.
It will → It’ll /ˈɪt(ə)l/
- I’ll be fun.
That will → That’ll /ˈðætəl/
- That’ll be fine.
This will → This’ll /ðɪsəl/
- This’ll only take a minute.
She will → She’ll /ʃil/
- She’ll be fine.
We will → We’ll /wil/ /wəl/
- We’ll arrive there around 3 p.m.
They will → They’ll /ðeɪl/
- They’ll get home before it gets dark.
What will → What’ll /wɑːtəl/
- What’ll you have?
Who will → Who’ll /huːl/
- Who’ll take care of you?
How will → How’ll /haʊl/
- How’ll we find each other?
Contractions related to “be” 和Be动词有关的缩读
You are → You’re strong /jɔːr/weak /jər/
- You’ re amazing.
They are → They’re /ðeər/ (there) weak/ðər/
- They’re already here.
We are → we’re /wɪər/ /wər/
- We’re going to do this.
Who is → Who’s /huːz/
- Who’s your professor?
When is → When’s / wenz/
- When’s the party?
How is → How’s /haʊz/
- How’s it going?
Why is → Why’s /waɪz/
- Why’s that guy looking at me?
Contractions related to “have 和Have有关的缩读
I have → I’ve /aɪv/
- I’ve seen this.
You have → You’ve /juːv/
- You’ve done this.
He has → He’s /hiːz/
- He’s been looking for a job since he got fired.
They have → They’ve /ðeɪv/
- They’ve never been to Disney before.
We have → We’ve /wiːv/
- We’ve just finished up our chores.
What have → What’ve / ˈwɒtəv /
- What’ve we done?
How have → How’ve /haʊv/
- How’ ve you been?
You had → You’d / ju:d /
- I was sorry to hear that you’d been waiting.
Contractions related to “would 和Would有关的缩读
I would → I’d /aɪd/
- I’d ask your mom first.
She would → She’d /ʃiːd/
- She’d be better off in a different city.
We would → We’d /wiːd/
- We’d like to go to dinner with you.
It would → It’d /ˈɪtəd/
- It’d be better if we went there today.
That would → That’d /ˈðætəd/
- I think that’d be fun.
Contractions related to “not” 和Not有关的缩读
Did not → didn’t /ˈdɪdnt/
- I didn’t know that.
Does not → Doesn’t /ˈdʌznt/
- He doesn’t understand what you said.
Are not → Aren’t /ɑːnt/
- We aren’t available that day.
Was not → Wasn’t /ˈwɒznt/
- It wasn’t what I expected.
Could not → Couldn’t /ˈkʊdnt/
- I couldn’t believe my eyes.
Would not → Wouldn’t /ˈwʊdnt/
- You wouldn’t know it.
Should not → Shouldn’t /ˈʃʊdnt/
- You shouldn’t eat too much junk food
Must not → Mustn’t /ˈmʌsnt/
- You mustn’t do that !
Will not → Won’t /wəʊnt/
- I won’t be able to make it to the meeting.
学会正确的换气
学会正确的换气，让你的英语口语更具韵律感！_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
- Noun Phrase + Verb Phrase 名词短语+动词短语
- Subject + Verb 主语+动词
- Person + Action + Tool/Location/Time 人+动作+工具/地点/时间
- Person + Be Verbs + State/Time/Location 人+Be动词+状态/时间/地点
I ate the cornflakes / in the morning.
Mary took her dog / for a walk / in the park.
She enjoys / reading books / and playing piano / in her spare time.
After a long day / at work, I like to relax / with a great book.
He’s planning / to study medicine / at the university / in the city.
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