Part 1
听力原文
EMPLOYEE: Hello, Picturerep. Can I help you?
WOMAN: Oh, hi. I saw your advertisement about copying pictures to disk and I’d like a bit more information about what you do.
advertisement, n.广告 注意英式发音 /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/
copying pictures to disk, 将图片复制到磁盘
I’d like a bit more information, 我想了解更多信息
information about what you do, 关于你所做什么的信息
I’d like, “I would like” 的缩写形式，表示“我想要”或“我愿意”
EMPLOYEE: Sure. What would you like to know?
What would you like to know, 你想知道什么
WOMAN: Well, I’ve got a box full of old family photos that’s been up in the attic for years,some of them must be 50 or 60 years old, and I’d like to get them converted to digital format.
I’ve got a box, 我有一个盒子，I’ve = I have
have got, 拥有，具有（美国英语的非正式语体中有时用got）
a box full of old family photos, 装满旧家庭照片的盒子
been up in the attic for years, 在阁楼里待了很多年
attic, N-COUNT 顶楼；阁楼
get them converted to digital format, 将它们转换为数字格式（使役动词）
EMPLOYEE: Sure, we can do that for you.
WOMAN: Right. And what about size? The photos are all sorts of sizes – are there any restrictions?
all sorts of sizes, 各种尺寸
are there any restrictions, 有什么限制吗？
restrictions, 限制；约束
EMPLOYEE: Well the maximum size of photo we can do with our normal service is 30 centimetres. And each picture must be at least 4 centimetres, that’s the minimum we can cope with.
maximum size, 最大尺寸；最大值；
maximum, 最高的;最大的;最多的
30 centimetres, 30厘米
with our normal service, 通过我们的正常服务(with表示通过)，对于我们的正常服务来说（with关于；对于）
the minimum we can cope with, 我们能应付的最低限度。注意英式发音/kəʊp/
WOMAN: That should be fine. And some of them are in a frame – should I take them out before I send them?
That should be fine, 那应该没问题 (注意发音)
some of them are in a frame, 其中一些在相框里
EMPLOYEE: Yes please, we can’t copy them otherwise. And also the photos must all be separate, they mustn’t be stuck into an album.
we can’t copy them otherwise, 否则我们不能复制。
otherwise, 否则
must all be separate, 必须全部分开
mustn’t be stuck into an album, 不能粘在相册里
stick, [ I or T ]粘住，粘贴;固定住(FIX)
WOMAN: OK, that’s not a problem. So can you give me an idea of how much this will cost? I’ve got about 360 photos I think.
EMPLOYEE: We charge £195 for 300 to 400 photos for the basic services.
charge £195, 收费195英镑
the basic service, 基本服务
WOMAN: OK. And does that include the disk?
EMPLOYEE: Yes, one disk – but you can get extra ones for £5 each.
get extra ones, 获得额外的
WOMAN: That’s good. So do I need to pay when I send you the photos?
do I need to pay,我需要付钱吗
send you the photos, 把照片发给你
EMPLOYEE: No, we won’t need anything until we’ve actually copied the pictures. Then we’ll let you know how much it is, and once we’ve received the payment, we’ll send the parcel off to you.
we won’t need anything until we’ve actually copied the pictures, 在我们真正复制图片之前，我们什么都不需要
received the payment,收到付款
we’ll send the parcel off to you, 我们会把包裹寄给你 (send off sth.= send sth.)
parcel, 包裹；小包(especially 英国英语) 北美英语 usually package
WOMAN: Right.
EMPLOYEE: Is there anything else you’d like to ask about our services?
Is there anything else you’d like to ask about our services?, 关于我们的服务，您还有什么想问的吗？
you’d like to ask about, 你想问一下…
WOMAN: Yes. I’ve roughly sorted out the photos into groups, according to what they’re about – so can you keep them in those groups when you copy them.
sorted out, 整理出来
roughly sorted out the photos into groups, 把照片大致分成几组
according to what they’re about, 根据它们的内容
keep them in those groups, 让他们留在这些小组里
EMPLOYEE: Sure. We’ll save each group in a different folder on the disk and if you like, you can suggest a name for each folder
different folder, 不同文件夹
suggest a name for each folder, 为每个文件夹建议一个名称(为每一个文件夹取一个名字)
WOMAN: So I could have one called ‘Grandparents’ for instance?
have one called ‘Grandparents’ , 让一个文件夹叫做“祖父母”
EMPLOYEE: Exactly.
Exactly., 在对话中，表示认同对方agreeing with someone
Not exactly., 在对话中，表示不完全认同对方 you are telling them politely that they are wrong in part of what they are saying
WOMAN: And do you do anything besides scan the photos? Like, can you make any improvements?
besides scan the photos, 除了扫描照片(besides 表示除…之外还有。这里besides 是介词，应该是scanning，但是在口语中，就无所谓啦。 )
make any improvements, 进行任何改进
EMPLOYEE: Yes, in the standard service each photo is checked, and we can sometimes touch up the colour a bit, or improve the contrast – that can make a big difference.
standard service, 标准服务
touch up, 修饰，美化
touch up the colour a bit, 稍微修饰一下颜色
improve the contrast, 提高对比度(明暗对比，)
WOMAN: OK. And some of the photos are actually quite fragile – they won’t get damaged in the process, will they?
quite fragile, 相当脆弱，fragile脆弱的;不确定的
they won’t get damaged, 它们不会受到损坏(“get”是一个连系动词)
in the process, 在此过程中。完整的应该是 in the process of scaning
EMPLOYEE: No, if any look particularly fragile, we’d do them by hand. We do realise how precious these old photos can be.
if any look particularly fragile, 如果有任何（照片）看起来特别脆弱 – /ɪf ˈeni/ 连读
realise how precious these old photos can be, 意识到这些旧照片是多么珍贵(precious 宝贵的；珍贵的)
WOMAN: Sure.
EMPLOYEE: And another thing is we can make changes to a photo if you want – so if you want to remove an object from a photo, or maybe alter the background, we can do that.
alter the background, 更改背景
WOMAN: Really? I might be interested in that. I’ll have a look through the photos and see. Oh, and talking of fixing photos – I’ve got a few that aren’t properly in focus. Can you do anything to make that better?
Really, （用于表示感兴趣、惊奇或恼怒）真的，是吗，真是的
I might be interested in that, 我可能对此感兴趣
I’ll have a look through the photos and see, 我会翻看照片看看。(have a look through表示仔细看。在这里的“see”可以理解为“查看后做出决定”或“看看之后再说”。see if I need this service)
have a look through, 则强调更仔细、更全面地查看某物，通常涉及翻阅、浏览或检查多个项目
have a look at the menu, 看一下菜单
have a look at, 通常意味着短暂地、直接地查看某物，以获取第一印象或基本信息
talking of fixing photos, 说到修复照片，talking of =speaking of 为了引出一个话题
I’ve got a few, 我有几张（照片），这里的 a few 是代词，指代 photos
that aren’t properly in focus, 照片没有正确聚焦
EMPLOYEE: No, I’m afraid that’s one thing we can’t do.
WOMAN: OK.
EMPLOYEE: Any other information I can give you?
WOMAN: Er … oh, how long will it all take?
how long will it all take?, 这一切需要多长时间？录音没读will中wi这个音
EMPLOYEE: We aim to get the copying done in ten days.
We aim to get the copying done in ten days, 我们的目标是在十天内完成复制。“get”是一个使役动词，“get sth. done”的结构，表示“使某事被完成”。aim to 表示 计划，打算，目标在于…
WOMAN: Fine. Right, well I’ll get the photos packed up in a box and post them off to you.
packed up in a box, 装在盒子里，pack up 打包起来
post them off to you, 把它们发(邮寄)给你。这里的off也可以省略，post them to you
EMPLOYEE: Right. If you’ve got a strong cardboard box, that’s best. We’ve found that plastic ones sometimes break in the post.
a strong cardboard box, 结实的纸箱。cardboard box表示纸盒，cardboard硬纸板；卡纸板
plastic ones sometimes break in the post, 在邮寄的过程中会破损。in the post 表示在邮寄的过程中。
WOMAN: OK. Right, thanks for your help. Bye.
EMPLOYEE: Bye.
听力题目
Copying photos to digital format
- Name of company: Picturerep
- Requirements
- Maximum size of photos is 30 cm, minimum size 4 cm.
- Photos must not be in a frame or an album.
- Cost
- The cost for 360 photos is £ 195 (including one disk).
- Before the completed order is sent, payment is required.
- Services included in the price
Photos can be placed in a folder, e.g. with the name grandparents
e.g 要想到 录音中会有like，for instance
The color and contrast can be improved if necessary.
Photos which are very fragile will be scanned by hand
- Special restore service (costs extra)
- It may be possible to remove an object from a photo, or change the background.
- A photo which is not correctly in focus cannot be fixed.
- Other information
- Orders are completed within 10 days
- Send the photos in a box (not plastic ).
Copying photos to digital format, 将照片复制为数字格式
Services included in the price, 价格中包含的服务
Special restore service, 特殊恢复服务
costs extra, 额外费用
Part 2
听力原文
Good morning and thank you for coming here today. I’d like to bring you up to date with changes in the school that will affect your children.
bring you up to date with changes, 让您了解最新的变化(bring sb up to date with sth 让某人知道某事的最新发展或者情况)
will affect your children, 会影响你的孩子
As you know, the school buildings date from various times: some from the 1970s, some from the last five years, and of course Dartfield House is over a century old. It was commissioned by a businessman, Neville Richards, and intended as his family home, but he died before it was completed. His heir chose to sell it to the local council, who turned it into offices. A later plan to convert it into a tourist information centre didn’t come about, through lack of money, and instead it formed the nucleus of this school when it opened 40 years ago.
date from various times,追溯到各个时期。 data from 表示追溯到，开始于。various 不同的 。times 可数名字，时期；时代；年代；世道
Dartfield House is over a century old, 达特菲尔德故居已有一个多世纪的历史
It was commissioned by a businessman, 它是由一位商人委托制作的。commission 做动词，表示正式委托;委托(做)；做名词表示①(接受报酬的)任务；②N-UNCOUNT 犯(罪)
something was intended as his family home, 某物原本打算作为他的家。intend verb [ T ]打算，计划。注意这里 intended as 有原本计划做某事的意思，暗号否定。
His heir,他的继承人/eə(r)/
sell it to the local council, 把它卖给地方议会
A later plan, 以后的计划
a tourist information centre, 旅游信息中心
convert it into a tourist information, 将其转换为旅游信息中心
come about, PHRASAL VERB 产生;发生；实现
and instead, 相反，instead ADV 作为替代;反而;相反地
the nucleus of this school, 这所学校的核心。nucleus ①N-COUNT (原子)核；②N-COUNT (组织的)核心，中心
The school has grown as the local population has increased, and I can now give you some news about the lower school site, which is separated from the main site by a road. Planning permission has been granted for development of both sites. The lower school will move to new buildings that will be constructed on the main site. Developers will construct houses on the existing lower school site. Work on the new school buildings should start within the next few months.
The school has grown, 学校已经发展壮大/ɡrəʊn/
the lower school site, 更低年级的校区 /ˈləʊə(r) , ˈlaʊə(r)/lower school低年级学校，低年级班(学生年龄通常在11至14岁之间)
is separated from the main site by a road, 用一条路与主场地隔开
planning permission, [不可数名词] (英国英语)规划许可；建筑（或改建）许可
Planning permission has been granted, 已授予规划许可
new buildings that will be constructed on the main site, 将在主校区上建造的新建筑
Developers, 开发商
existing lower school site, 现有的小学用地。existing表示 （尤指与未来相对的）现存的，现行的，目前的
Work on the new school buildings, 新建校舍的工作
A more imminent change concerns the catering facilities and the canteen. The canteen is always very busy throughout the lunch period – in fact it’s often full to capacity, because a lot of our pupils like the food that’s on offer there. But there’s only one serving point, so most pupils have to wait a considerable time to be served. This is obviously unsatisfactory, as they may have hardly finished their lunch before afternoon lessons start.
A more imminent change, 更迫在眉睫的变化。imminent 迫在眉睫的；即将发生的；临近的
change concerns the catering facilities and the canteen, 变化涉及餐饮设施和食堂。concern v.与…有关；涉及。catering [不可数名词] （会议或社交活动的）饮食服务，酒席承办。
cater food, 提供饮食。相当于 server，offer。表示提供
throughout the lunch period, 整个午餐时间
it’s often full to capacity, 它通常已经满了。capacity表示容纳能力。
the food that’s on offer there, 那里提供的食物。on offer 表示 提供的；待售的；供使用的 available to be bought or used
obviously unsatisfactory, 显然不能令人满意
So we’ve had a new Food Hall built, and this will come into use next week. It’ll have several serving areas, and I’ll give you more details about those in a minute, but one thing we ask you to do, to help in the smooth running of the Food Hall, is to discuss with your children each morning which type of food they want to eat that day, so they can go straight to the relevant serving point. There won’t be any junk food – everything on offer will be healthy – and there’s no change to the current system of paying for lunches by topping up your child’s electronic payment card online.
had a new Food Hall built, 建了一个新的食品大厅。 have sth done，使役动词
come into use, 投入使用；开始被使用
in a minute, 一会儿
help in the smooth running of the Food Hall, 帮助食堂顺利运转。help in sth 表示在某方面帮助，或者说帮助做某事。smooth 表示 顺利的 。running 表示 运行
the relevant serving point, 相关服务点
there’s no change to the current system of paying, 现行的支付制度没有改变。change to/in/of 表示 xxxx的变化
topping up your child’s electronic payment card online,在线为孩子的电子支付卡充值。top up 充值
You may be wondering what will happen to the old canteen. We’ll still have tables and chairs in there, and pupils can eat food from the Food Hall or lunch they’ve brought from home. Eventually we may use part of the canteen for storage, but first we’ll see how many pupils go in there at lunchtime.
wondering what will happen, 想知道会发生什么 wonder 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨 (about sth)。
tables and chairs, 桌子和椅子
use part of the canteen for storage, 将食堂的一部分用作储藏室
OK, back to the serving points in the Food Hall, which will all have side dishes, desserts and drinks on sale, as well as main courses.
back to the serving points, 回到服务点。back to 表示回到之前的话题
have side dishes， desserts and drinks on sale，as well as main courses, 出售配菜、甜点和饮料，以及主菜。side dishes 配菜。 /dɪˈzɜːts/。on sale 出售。main courses 主菜；主要课程
One serving point we call World Adventures. This will serve a different country’s cuisine each day, maybe Chinese one day and Lebanese the next. The menus will be planned for a week at a time, so pupils will know what’s going to be available the whole of that week.
serve a different country’s cuisine each day, 每天供应不同国家的美食。cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ N-VAR (一国或一地区的)烹饪，风味。sever 提供
Lebanese, /ˌlebəˈniːz/ n.黎巴嫩人adj.黎巴嫩的；黎巴嫩人的；黎巴嫩文化的
know what’s going to be available, 知道有什么（菜）可以获得。available ADJ 能找到的；可获得的
Street Life is also international, with food from three particular cultures. We’ll ask pupils to make suggestions, so perhaps sometimes there’ll be food from Thailand, Ethiopia and Mexico, and then one of them will be replaced by Jamaican food for a week or two.
Ethiopia, /iːθɪˈəʊpɪə/ n.埃塞俄比亚
Jamaican, /dʒəˈmeɪkən/ n.牙买加人adj.牙买加的；牙买加人的；牙买加文化的
The Speedy Italian serving point will cater particularly for the many pupils who don’t eat meat or fish: they can be sure that all the food served there is suitable for them. There’ll be plenty of variety, so they shouldn’t get bored with the food.
cater particularly for the many pupils, 特别为许多学生服务
is suitable for them, 适合他们
here’ll be plenty of variety,这里会有很多品种/变化 variety /vəˈraɪ.ə.ti/ (CHANGE) ① [ U ] 多样化；变化 ②[ C ] 不同种类；不同品种(TYPE)
get bored with the food, 对食物感到厌烦
OK, that’s all on the new Food Hall. Now after-school lessons. These are very popular with pupils, particularly swimming – in fact there’s a waiting list for lessons. Cycling is another favourite, and I’m delighted that dozens of pupils make use of the chance to learn to ride in off-road conditions. It means that more and more cycle to and from school every day. As you know, we have a well-equipped performance centre, and we’re going to start drama classes in there, too. Pupils will be able to join in just for fun or work up to taking part in a play – we hope to put on at least one a year. We already teach a number of pupils to use the sound and lighting systems in the centre. And a former pupil has given a magnificent grand piano to the school, so a few pupils will be able to learn at the school instead of going to the local college, as many of them do at the moment.
that’s all on the new Food Hall, 这就是所有（我要讲的）关于新的Food Hall（的内容）
after-school lessons, 放学后的课程
there’s a waiting list for lessons, 有一张等待上课的名单。意思是学生想报名还要等。
I’m delighted that, 我很高兴 xxx /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/
dozens of pupils, 几十名学生 dozens of 几十；很多/ˈdʌznz ɒv
in off-road conditions, 在越野条件下 off-road /ˈɒf rəʊd/ [usually before noun] 非公路上的；越野的
cycle to and from school every day, 每天骑自行车上下学
a well-equipped performance centre, 设备齐全的表演中心。well-equipped /wel ɪˈkwɪpt/ adj.装备精良；设备精良的；装备很好的
work up to taking part in a play, 努力去参加一场演出。work up to do sth 表示努力做某事
the sound and lighting systems in the centre, 中心的音响和照明系统
a former pupil, 以前的学生
a magnificent grand piano, 一架华丽的三角钢琴 grand piano 大钢琴；三角钢琴
instead of going to the local college, 而不是去当地的大学
as many of them do at the moment, 正如他们中的许多人目前所做的那样
听力题目
Dartfield House school used to be
- A. a tourist information centre.
- B. a private home.
- C. a local council building. √
What is planned with regard to the lower school?
- A. All buildings on the main site will be improved.
- B. The lower school site will be used for new homes. √
- C. Additional school buildings will be constructed on the lower school site.
The catering has been changed because of
- A. long queuing times. √
- B. changes to the school timetable.
- C. dissatisfaction with the menus.
Parents are asked to
- A. help their children to decide in advance which serving point to use. √
- B. make sure their children have enough money for food.
- C. advise their children on healthy food to eat.
What does the speaker say about the existing canteen?
- A. Food will still be served there.
- B. Only staff will have access to it.
- C. Pupils can take their food into it. √
long queuing times, 排队时间长
changes to the school timetable, 学校时间表的变更
dissatisfaction, ˌ/dɪsˌsætɪsˈfækʃn/不满;不悦
Food available at serving points in Food Hall
A pupils help to plan menus
B only vegetarian food
C different food every week
D daily change in menu
- World Adventures: D
- Street Life: A
- Speedy Italian: B
only vegetarian food, 只有素食 vegetarian ADJ 吃素的;素食的
Which TWO optional after-school lessons are new?
- A. swimming
- B. piano √
- C. acting √
- D. cycling
- E. theatre sound and lighting
解题：题目中有new，表示解题的关键是将来时
Part 3
听力原文
SUSIE: So Luke, for our next psychology assignment we have to do something on sleep and dreams.
next psychology assignment, 接下来的心理学作业。assignment指大学作业。小学作业指homework。
something on sleep and dreams, 关于睡眠与梦境的话题。这里的on 表示关于
LUKE: Right. I’ve just read an article suggesting why we tend to forget most of our dreams soon after we wake up. I mean, most of my dreams aren’t that interesting anyway, but what it said was that if we remembered everything, we might get mixed up about what actually happened and what we dreamed. So it’s a sort of protection. I hadn’t heard that idea before. I’d always assumed that it was just that we didn’t have room in our memories for all that stuff.
I’ve just read an article, 我刚刚读了一篇文章
an article suggesting why we tend to forget most of our dreams, 一篇揭示了为什么我们往往会忘记大部分梦的文章
soon after we wake up, 我们醒来后不久 soon after 表示 xxx不久
aren’t that interesting anyway, 反正也没那么有趣。这里的that相当于very。anyway ADV 不管怎么说；无论如何You use anyway or anyhow to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous point.
get mixed up about what actually happened and what we dreamed, 把实际发生的事情和我们的梦想搞混
a sort of protection, 一种保护。a sort of 一种 = a kind of= a type of
I’d always assumed that, 我一直以为。I’d=I had。assumed /əˈsjuːmd/ 认为
it was just that, 那时是因为…
we didn’t have room in our memories for all that stuff, 我们的记忆里没有地方放那些东西(指梦)。all that stuff 表示所有这些东西
SUSIE: Me too. What do you think about the idea that our dreams may predict the future?
predict the future,预测未来
LUKE: It’s a belief that you get all over the world.
It’s a belief that you get all over the world, 这是一种遍布世界各地的信念。这里实际是在说，某一个观点被许多的人接受。但不一定代表这个观点belief对
SUSIE: Yeah, lots of people have a story of it happening to them, but the explanation I’ve read is that for each dream that comes true, we have thousands that don’t, but we don’t notice those, we don’t even remember them. We just remember the ones where something in the real world, like a view or an action, happens to trigger a dream memory.
have a story of it happening to them, 有一个发生在他们身上的故事(直译)。人们都经历过类似的事情
the explanation I’ve read, 我读过的解释
for each dream that comes true， we have thousands that don’t,每一个梦想成真，我们都有成千上万的梦想没有实现。comes true 表示实现。we have thousands that don’t= we have thousands that don’t comes true。第一个that引导定语从句，第二个that指代dream。for表示关于，至于
something in the real world happens to trigger a dream memory, 现实世界中的一些事情碰巧引发梦的记忆。happen to do sth表示碰巧做某事。trigger vt表示引起，引发
We need to find a situation where everyone can benefit, 我们需要找到一个能让每个人都受益的情境
这里的where引导的是定语从句。
- where通常用于修饰表示地点的名词或名词短语，在定语从句中作地点状语。例如：This is the park where we had our first date.（这是我们第一次约会的公园。）
- 当先行词是表示地点的抽象名词时，如situation、case等，也可以用where引导定语从句。例如：We need to find a situation where everyone can benefit.（我们需要找到一个能让每个人都受益的情境。）
“the ones”指的是一系列特定的事物或情况，而“where”引导的定语从句则用来具体说明这些事物或情况所具备的一个共同特征或条件，即它们能够“在现实世界中的某些事物，比如一个景象或一个动作，碰巧触发了梦境记忆”。这里的“where”相当于一个关系副词，用来引导一个描述性从句，说明“the ones”所指代的事物所处的特定情境或条件。
LUKE: Right. So it’s just a coincidence really. Something else I read about is what they call segmented sleeping. That’s a theory that hundreds of years ago, people used to get up in the middle of the night and have a chat or something to eat, then go back to bed. So I tried it myself.
it’s just a coincidence really, 这真的只是巧合
Something else, 另外的东西
segmented sleeping, 分段睡眠。segmented 分割的;切断的;划分的
then go back to bed, 然后回去睡觉
SUSIE: Why?
LUKE: Well it’s meant to make you more creative. I don’t know why. But I gave it up after a week. It just didn’t fit in with my lifestyle.
it’s meant to make you more creative, 这本应该是为了让你更有创造力。be meant to do sth 被期望，应该，预期（但是没有发生，有点事与愿违的意思）
It just didn’t fit in with my lifestyle, 它只是不符合我的生活方式
SUSIE: But most pre-school children have a short sleep in the day don’t they? There was an experiment some students did here last term to see at what age kids should stop having naps. But they didn’t really find an answer. They spent a lot of time working out the most appropriate methodology, but the results didn’t seem to show any obvious patterns.
pre-school children, 学龄前儿童。pre-school 入学前的；学龄前的（美国二至五六岁孩子的）学前班
There was an experiment some students did here last term, 上学期一些学生在这里做了一个实验。/ɪkˈsperɪmənt/。last term 上个学期
to see at what age kids should stop having naps, 去弄明白孩子什么年龄应该停止午睡。see VERB 明白;领会;理解。
working out the most appropriate methodology, 制定最合适的方法。methodology 一套方法；方法论；教学法 a system of ways of doing, teaching, or studying something。work something out ①计算出(CALCULATE) ②理解;想出(UNDERSTAND) ③ (EXERCISE) 锻炼身体
any obvious patterns, 任何明显的模式。pattern [ C ]方式，形式；模式 a particular way in which something is done, is organized, or happens。
LUKE: Right. Anyway, let’s think about our assignment. Last time I had problems with the final stage, where we had to describe and justify how successful we thought we’d been. I struggled a bit with the action plan too.
Anyway，let’s think about our assignment, 不管怎样，让我们想想我们的任务。anyway (转换话题、结束谈话或回到原话题时说)无论如何，不管怎样
we had to describe and justify how successful we thought we’d been, 我们必须描述和证明我们认为自己有多成功。（自我评价）
I struggled a bit with the action plan, 我也有点纠结于行动计划。struggle ① [ I ] 奋斗，努力，拼搏 (EFFORT) to experience difficulty and make a very great effort in order to do something。② [ I usually + adv/prep ] 斗争，抗争 to use a lot of effort to defeat someone, prevent something, or achieve something
struggle to do sth, 努力做某事
struggle with sth, 与某物斗争。可以引申为，做某事比较困难，或者与某种困难做斗争
SUSIE: I was OK with the planning, but I got marked down for the self-assessment as well. And I had big problems with the statistical stuff, that’s where I really lost marks.
I got marked down for the self-assessment as well, 我也因自我评估而被扣分。
the statistical stuff, 统计学的东西。statistical/stəˈtɪstɪkl/ ADJ 统计的;统计学的
LUKE: Right.
这里的Right不是说，Luke也在统计方面丢了很多分。只是表达对对方的附和，
SUSIE: So shall we plan what we have to do for this assignment?
shall we plan what we have to do for this assignment?, 我们计划一下这次任务要做什么好吗？shall 这里是情态动词，表示征求意见
LUKE: OK.
SUSIE: First, we have to decide on our research question. So how about ‘Is there a relationship between hours of sleep and number of dreams?’
Is there a relationship between A and B, a和B之间有关系吗 /ðeə(r)/ /ə/
LUKE: OK. Then we need to think about who we’ll do the study on. About 12 people?
who we’ll do the study on, 我们将对谁进行研究
SUSIE: Right. And shall we use other psychology students?
other psychology students, 其他心理学学生
LUKE: Let’s use people from a different department. What about history?
a different department, 不同系（大学中不同的院系）
What about history, 历史系的怎么样呢？ What about + n/ing（用于征求意见）…怎么样?
SUSIE: Yes, they might have interesting dreams! Or literature students?
literature students, 文学系学生。literature/ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/N-VAR 文学；文学作品
LUKE: I don’t really know any.
SUSIE: OK, forget that idea. Then we have to think about our methodology. So we could use observation, but that doesn’t seem appropriate.
that doesn’t seem appropriate, 这似乎不太合适
LUKE: No. It needs to be self-reporting I think. And we could ask them to answer questions online.
self-reporting, 自我报告
answer questions online, 在线回答问题
SUSIE: But in this case, paper might be better as they’ll be doing it straight after they wake up … in fact while they’re still half-asleep.
straight after they wake up, 他们刚睡醒之后。这里的straight表示醒来之后立刻，表示时间很短
while they’re still half-asleep, 当他们还半睡半醒的时候
LUKE: Right. And we’ll have to check the ethical guidelines for this sort of research.
check the ethical guidelines, 检查道德准则/ˈeθɪkl/
SUSIE: Mm, because our experiment involves humans, so there are special regulations.
experiment involves humans, 实验涉及人类
there are special regulations, 有特殊规定
LUKE: Yes, I had a look at those for another assignment I did. There’s a whole section on risk assessment, and another section on making sure they aren’t put under any unnecessary stress.
I had a look at those, 我看过这些
a whole section on risk assessment, 风险评估一整节
on making sure they aren’t put under any unnecessary stress, 关于 确保他们不会承受任何不必要的压力。on 表示关于
SUSIE: Let’s hope they don’t have any bad dreams!
LUKE: Yeah.
SUSIE: Then when we’ve collected all our data we have to analyse it and calculate the correlation between our two variables, that’s time sleeping and number of dreams and then present our results visually in a graph.
collected all our data, 收集了我们所有的数据
analyse it, 分析它
calculate the correlation between our two variables, 计算我们两个变量之间的相关性 variable [C] /ˈveərɪəblz/ a number, amount, or situation that can change 变量
present our results visually in a graph, 在图表中直观地展示我们的结果。visually /ˈvɪzjʊəli/ adv.视觉上；形象化地
LUKE: Right. And the final thing is to think about our research and evaluate it. So that seems quite straightforward.
evaluate it, 评估它
that seems quite straightforward, 这似乎很简单 straightforward ADJ-GRADED 简单明了的;易懂的
SUSIE: Yeah. So now let’s …
补充：做实验或者写论文的方法methodology
observation
self-reporting
interview
questionnaire, 问卷；情况调查表
literature analysis, 文献分析法。literature 文献
一篇论文可能包含哪几个部分：
abstract, 摘要
literature review, 文献回顾。回顾前人在这个课题上做了哪些研究，哪些研究做得好，哪些做得不好。解释自己为什么要做这个方面的研究。
methodology, 做这个研究的方法
result, 做研究的结果，只是单纯呈现实验的结果
discussion, 拿着这个结果，去讨论
bibliography, 参考文献，不仅包含引用的文献，还包含自己看过的，受启发的，但是没有引用的文献
citation, 引文。自己在论文中引用的文献
acknowledgement, 在论文中表示 致谢
听力题目
Luke read that one reason why we often forget dreams is that
- A. our memories cannot cope with too much information.
- B. we might otherwise be confused about what is real. √
- C. we do not think they are important.
What do Luke and Susie agree about dreams predicting the future?
- A. It may just be due to chance. √
- B. It only happens with certain types of event.
- C. It happens more often than some people think.
Susie says that a study on pre-school children having a short nap in the day
- A. had controversial results.
- B. used faulty research methodology.
- C. failed to reach any clear conclusions. √
In their last assignment, both students had problems with
- A. statistical analysis.
- B. making an action plan.
- C. self-assessment. √
cope with too much information, 应对过多的信息
be confused about what is real, 对真实的东西感到困惑/混淆
controversial results, 有争议的结果/ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl/
failed to reach any clear conclusions, 未能得出任何明确的结论
Assignment plan:
- Decide on research question: Is there a relationship between hours of sleep and number of dreams?
- Decide on sample: Twelve students from the history department
- Decide on methodology：Self-reporting
- Decide on procedure: Answers on paper
- Check ethical guidelines for working with humans/people. Ensure that risk is assessed and stress is kept to a minimum
- Analyse the results. Calculate the correlation and make a graph
- evaluate the research
risk is assessed, 风险被评估/衡量
stress is kept to a minimum, 压力保持在最低限度
Part 4
听力原文
Dancing is something that humans do when they want to have a good time. It’s a universal response to music, found in all cultures. But what’s only been discovered recently is that dancing not only makes us feel good, it’s also extremely good for our health.
they want to have a good time, 他们想玩得开心
universal response to music, 对音乐的普遍反应。universal ADJ 普遍的；全体的。response [ C or U ] 回答;回应，反应 an answer or reaction
do A in response to B, 做A事情，以反应/回应B事情
makes us feel good, 让我们感觉良好。注意连读。
extremely good, 非常好/ɪkˈstriːmli/
what’s only been discovered recently, 最近才发现的
Dancing, like other forms of exercise, releases hormones, such as dopamine, which make us feel relaxed and happy. And it also reduces feelings of stress or anxiety.
other forms of exercise, 其他形式的锻炼
releases hormones, 释放激素。/rɪˈliːsɪz/ VERB 释放;放出 。/ˈhɔːməʊnz/ N-COUNT 激素;荷尔蒙。
such as dopamine, 例如多巴胺/ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ n.多巴胺(神经细胞产生的一种作用于其他细胞的化学物质)
reduces feelings of stress or anxiety, 减轻压力或焦虑感 。注意reduces的发音/rɪˈdjuːsɪz/
Dancing is also a sociable activity, which is another reason it makes us feel good.
One study compared people’s enjoyment of dancing at home in front of a video with dancing in a group in a studio.
in a studio, 在工作室里
people’s enjoyment, 人们的快乐。the feeling of enjoying something 愉快;乐趣;兴趣
compared people’s enjoyment of dancing at home in front of a video with dancing in a group in a studio, 将人们在家里看视频跳舞的乐趣与在工作室里集体跳舞的乐趣进行了比较。/ˈdɑːnsɪŋ/
The people dancing in a group reported feeling happier, whereas those dancing alone did not.
people reported feeling happier, 人们表示感觉很幸福。report verb (TELL) [ I or T ] to give a description of something or information about it to someone 报道；报告；汇报
dancing alone, 独自跳舞。alone /əˈləʊn/ adv. without any others 唯一，仅仅，只有。
In another experiment, university researchers at York and Sheffield took a group of students and sent each of them into a lab where music was played for five minutes. Each had to choose from three options: to sit and listen quietly to the music, to cycle on an exercise bike while they listened, or to get up and dance. All were given cognitive tasks to perform before and after. The result showed that those who chose to dance showed much more creativity when doing problem-solving tasks.
university researchers, 大学研究人员。/rɪˈsɜːtʃəz/
university research, 大学研究了xxxx。/rɪˈsɜːtʃ/
took a group of students, 带了一群学生
a lab where music was played for five minutes, 播放音乐五分钟的实验室
to sit and listen quietly to the music, 静静地坐着听音乐
to cycle on an exercise bike while they listened, 边听边骑健身车
to get up and dance, 起来跳舞 /dɑːns/
cognitive tasks, 认知任务 /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/
All were given cognitive tasks to perform before and after, 所有人都被给了前后执行的认知任务。
The result showed, 结果显示
doing problem-solving tasks, 做解决问题的任务
Doctor Lovatt at the University of Hertfordshire believes dance could be a very useful way to help people suffering from mental health problems. He thinks dance should be prescribed as therapy to help people overcome issues such as depression.
people suffering from mental health problems, 患有心理健康问题的人。suffer from A 表示 患有疾病A。
be prescribed as therapy, 被规定为治疗方法。/prɪˈskraɪb/VERB （人、法律、规则）规定，指定。
overcome issues such as depression, 克服抑郁症等问题。issues /ˈɪʃuːz/ 问题;议题
It’s well established that dance is a good way of encouraging adolescent girls to take exercise but what about older people? Studies have shown that there are enormous benefits for people in their sixties and beyond. One of the great things about dance is that there are no barriers to participation. Anyone can have a go, even those whose standard of fitness is quite low.
It’s well established, 这是公认的。established ADJ-GRADED 已被认可的;已被接受的
encouraging adolescent girls to take exercise, 鼓励青春期女孩锻炼身体。adolescent /ˌædəˈlesnt/ ADJ 青少年的;青春期的
Studies have shown that there are enormous benefits, 研究表明，这有巨大的利益/好处/益处。/ɪˈnɔːməs/ adj.巨大的；庞大的；极大的
people in their sixties and beyond, 60多岁及以上的人
there are no barriers to participation, 参与没有障碍/ˈbærɪəz/
have a go, 尝试
standard of fitness is quite low, 健康标准相当低/ˈstændəd/
Dance can be especially beneficial for older adults who can’t run or do more intense workouts, or for those who don’t want to. One 2015 study found that even a gentle dance workout helps to promote a healthy heart. And there’s plenty of evidence which suggests that dancing lowers the risk of falls, which could result in a broken hip, for example, by helping people to improve their balance.
do more intense workouts, 进行更高强度的锻炼。workouts N-COUNT 体育锻炼;体育训练
older adults, 老年人/‘əʊldər ˈædʌlts/
a gentle dance workout, 温和的舞蹈锻炼
promote a healthy heart, 促进心脏健康
plenty of evidence,大量证据
lowers the risk of falls, 降低跌倒的风险。lowers/ˈləʊəz , ˈlaʊəz/ VERB 降低；减少；减弱
result in a broken hip, 导致髋部骨折。hip N-COUNT 髋;臀部。broken 损坏的，破损的；出了毛病的 (DAMAGED) damaged, no longer able to work
improve their balance, 提升他们的平衡感
There are some less obvious benefits of dance for older people too. One thing I hadn’t realised before researching this topic was that dance isn’t just a physical challenge. It also requires a lot of concentration because you need to remember different steps and routines. For older people, this kind of activity is especially important because it forces their brain to process things more quickly and to retain more information.
less obvious benefits of dance, 跳舞的没有那么明显的好处
dance isn’t just a physical challenge, 舞蹈不仅仅是一项身体挑战
requires a lot of concentration, 需要很大的专注度
remember different steps and routines, 记住不同的步骤和动作。routines ① [ C or U ]惯例，常规；例行公事 a usual or fixed way of doing things ② [ C ] （表演中）一套固定的动作，固定的一套噱头，固定的表演节目
a dance routine, 一套舞蹈动作
forces their brain to process things more quickly, 迫使他们的大脑更快地处理事情。process① [ T ] 处理；办理 (DEAL WITH) to deal with documents in an official way ②noun [ C ]过程；步骤; 变化过程 a series of actions or changes
the digestive process, 消化过程
the peace process, 和平进程
retain more information, 保留更多信息。retain /rɪˈteɪn/ VERB 保留;保持;保存
Current research also shows that dance promotes a general sense of well-being in older participants, which can last up to a week after a class. Participants report feeling less tired and having greater motivation to be more active and do daily activities such as gardening or walking to the shops or a park.
Current research, 当前的研究，现在的研究
promotes a general sense of well-being, 促进普遍的幸福感。general /ˈdʒenrəl/ ADJ-GRADED 广泛的；普遍的。 well-being /ˈwel biːɪŋ/ N-UNCOUNT 健康;安乐;康乐
can last up to a week after a class, 上课后，可以持续一周。last verb [ I, L only + noun ] 持续，延续，继续 to continue to exist 。up to + num 接近于；至多
gardening or walking to the shops or a park, 园艺或步行去商店或公园
Ballroom or country dancing, both popular with older people, have to be done in groups. They require collaboration and often involve touching a dance partner, all of which encourages interaction on the dance floor. This helps to develop new relationships and can reduce older people’s sense of isolation, which is a huge problem in many countries.
Ballroom or country dancing, 舞厅或乡村舞蹈
popular with older people, 受老年人欢迎。popular with 受…欢迎
require collaboration, 需要协作。collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn/ [ C or U ] 合作；协作
involve touching a dance partner, 涉及触摸舞伴
encourages interaction on the dance floor, 鼓励在舞池中互动。interaction /ˌɪn.təˈræk.ʃən/ 交流，交往;相互作用，相互影响。dance floor （旅馆、餐厅供客人跳舞的）舞场，舞池
develop new relationships, 发展新的关系
sense of isolation, 孤独感
I also looked at the benefits of Zumba. Fifteen million people in 180 countries now regularly take a Zumba class, an aerobic workout based on Latin American dance moves. John Porcari, a professor of exercise and sport science at the University of Wisconsin, analysed a group of women who were Zumba regulars and found that a class lasting 40 minutes burns about 370 calories. This is similar to moderately intense exercises like step aerobics or kickboxing.
Zumba, 尊巴(一种健身操)
looked at the benefits of Zumba, 研究过Zumba的好处。look at VERB 考虑；研究
regularly take a Zumba class, 定期参加Zumba课程
an aerobic workout, 有氧运动。aerobic/eəˈrəʊbɪk/ADJ-GRADED 有氧健身的
Latin American, n.拉丁美洲人 adj.拉丁美洲的；拉丁美洲人(或文化)的
dance moves,舞蹈动作
base sth on/upon sth, 以…为基础（或根据）
He based his conclusions on the evidence, 他根据证据得出结论
an aerobic workout based on Latin American dance moves, 基于拉丁美洲舞蹈动作的有氧运动
a group of women who were Zumba regulars, 一群Zumba的常客。regulars N-COUNT 常客;老顾客;固定成员;正式成员
burns about 370 calories, 燃烧约370卡路里
This is similar to moderately intense exercises, 这类似于中等强度的锻炼。be similar to sth 和某事相近。moderately /ˈmɒdərətli/ adv. 适度；适中
step aerobics or kickboxing, 踏步有氧运动或跆拳道/ˈkɪkbɒksɪŋ/ /eəˈrəʊbɪks/
A study in the American Journal of Health Behavior showed that when women with obesity did Zumba three times a week for 16 weeks, they lost an average of 1.2 kilos and lowered their percentage of body fat by 1%. More importantly, the women enjoyed the class so much that they made it a habit and continued to attend classes at least once a week – very unusual for an aerobic exercise programme.
women with obesity, 肥胖妇女
three times a week for 16 weeks, 每周三次，持续16周
lost an average of 1.2 kilos, 平均减掉1.2公斤。lost /lɒst/ lose的过去分词和过去式。lose /luːz/ ①VERB 减轻（体重） ②VERB 丧失，失去。kilos /ˈkiːləʊz/ n.公斤；千克；同 kilogram/ˈkɪləɡræm/。
percentage of body fat, 体脂百分比，体脂率
lowered their percentage of body fat by 1%, 他们的体脂百分比降低了1%。/ˈləʊəd , ˈlaʊəd/
made it a habit, 使之成为一种习惯
continued to attend classes at least once a week, 继续每周至少上课一次
an aerobic exercise programme,有氧运动项目
Dance is never going to compete with high-intensity workouts when it comes to physical fitness gains, but its popularity is likely to keep on rising because it’s such a fun way to keep fit.
physical fitness, 身体素质
physical fitness gains, 身体素质提高。gain 获得，得到;收益，获利 noun [C or U] (SOMETHING OBTAINED) an occasion when you get something useful or positive
personal gains, 个人利益
when it comes to physical fitness gains, 当提到身体素质的提高时。when it comes to 当提到；当谈到。
compete with high-intensity workouts, 与高强度锻炼竞争
its popularity is likely to keep on rising, 它的受欢迎程度可能会继续上升
keep fit, n.健身；保持健康
听力题目
Health benefits of dance
- Recent findings:
- All forms of dance produce various hormones associated with feelings of happiness.
- Dancing with others has a more positive impact than dancing alone.
- An experiment on university students suggested that dance increases creativity
- For those with mental illness, dance could be used as a form of therapy
- Benefits of dance for older people:
- accessible for people with low levels of fitness
- reduces the risk of heart disease
- better balance reduces the risk of accidents
- improves brain function by making it work faster
- improves participants’ general well-being
- gives people more motivation to take exercise
- can lessen the feeling of isolation, very common in older people
- Benefits of Zumba:
- A study at The University of Wisconsin showed that doing Zumba for 40 minutes uses up as many calories as other quite intense forms of exercise
- The American Journal of Health Behavior study showed that:
- women suffering from obesity benefited from doing Zumba.
- Zumba became a habit for the participants.
produce various hormones, 产生各种激素
hormones associated with feelings of happiness, 与幸福感相关的激素。be associated with 与…联系
people with low levels of fitness, 低健康水平的人。
Benefits of dance for older people is accessible, 对于老年人，跳舞的好处是可以得到的 /əkˈsesəbl/
The Centre is easily accessible to the general public, 该中心普通大众可随意进入。accessible ADJ-GRADED 易到达的;易进入的;易够到的
The legal aid system should be accessible to more people, 法律援助制度应该面向更多人。accessible ADJ-GRADED 易使用的;易得到的
literary books that are accessible to a general audience, 一般读者都能欣赏的文学作品。accessible ADJ-GRADED 可以理解的;易懂的
lessen the feeling of isolation, 减轻孤独感
uses up as many calories as other quite intense forms of exercise, 消耗的卡路里与其他高强度运动一样多。use up 耗尽；耗掉
women suffering from obesity benefited from doing Zumba, 患有肥胖症的女性从尊巴舞中受益
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