Section 1：FESTIVAL INFORMATION
听力原文
Tim: Good morning. You’re through to the tourist information office, Tim speaking. How can I help you?
Jean: Oh hello. Could you give me some information about next month’s festival, please? My family and I will be staying in the town that week.
Tim: Of course. Well it starts with a concert on the afternoon of the 17th.
Jean: Oh I heard about that. The orchestra and singers come from the USA, don’t they?
Tim: They’re from Canada. They’re very popular over there. They’re going to perform a number of well-known pieces that will appeal to children as well as adults.
Jean: That sounds good. My whole family are interested in music.
You’re through to the tourist information office, 你接通了旅游信息办公室。be through to 在这里表示接通了xxx的电话
festival, /ˈfes.tɪ.vəl/ an organized set of special events, such as musical performances （音乐等的）会演，节
orchestra and singers, 管弦乐队和歌手。orchestra /ˈɔːkɪstrə/ N-COUNT 管弦乐队
well-known pieces, 知名作品/曲目。pieces /ˈpiːsɪz/ N-COUNT （报纸或杂志上的一篇）文章；（一首或一部）音乐作品；（一段）广播节目；（一出）戏剧
appeal to children as well as adults, 吸引儿童和成人。appeal /əˈpiːl/
Tim: The next day, the 18th, there’s a performance by a ballet company called Eustatis.
Jean: Sorry?
Tim: The name is spelt E-U-S-T-A-T-I-S. They appeared in last year’s festival, and went down very well. Again, their programme is designed for all ages.
They appeared in last year’s festival, 他们出现在去年的音乐节上。appeared /əˈpɪəd/
went down very well, 得到很好的反响。go down PHRASAL VERB 引起…反响；得到…回应
Jean: Good. I expect we’ll go to that. I hope there’s going to be a play during the festival, a comedy, ideally.
Tim: You’re in luck! On the 19th and 20th a local amateur group are performing one written by a member of the group. It’s called Jemima. That’ll be on in the town hall. They’ve already performed it two or three Times. I haven’t seen it myself, but the review in the local paper was very good.
Jean: And is it suitable for children?
Tim: Yes, in fact it’s aimed more at children than at adults, so both performances are in the afternoon.
there’s going to be a play, 将会有一场演出
comedy, /ˈkɒmədi/ N-COUNT 喜剧(片)
You’re in luck!, 你真幸运！
a local amateur group, 当地业余团体。amateur /ˈæmətə(r)/
written by a member of the group, 由一位小组成员撰写。written /ˈrɪtn/
That’ll be on in the town hall, 将在市政厅上演。town hall N-COUNT (英国的)市(或镇)政会大楼，市(或镇)政会
the review in the local paper, 地方报纸的评论
it’s aimed more at children than at adults, 它更多地针对儿童而不是成年人。aimed /eɪmd/ VERB （行为、言论）针对，指向。
Jean: And what about dance? Will there be any performances?
Tim: Yes, also on the 20th, but in the evening. A professional company is putting on a show of modern pieces, with electronic music by young composers.
Jean: Uh-huh.
Tim: The show is about how people communicate, or fail to communicate, with each other, so it’s got the rather strange name, Chat.
Jean: I suppose that’s because that’s something we do both face to face and online.
Tim: That’s right.
A professional company, 一家专业的公司。/prəˈfeʃənl ˈkʌmpəni/
putting on a show of modern pieces, 举办一场现代乐曲演出。put on /ˈpʊt ɒn/ PHRASAL VERB 上演；举办；展出。pieces /ˈpiːsɪz/ N-COUNT （报纸或杂志上的一篇）文章；（一首或一部）音乐作品；（一段）广播节目；（一出）戏剧
electronic music, /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk ˈmjuːzɪk/ 电子音乐
young composers, 青年作曲家 composers/kəmˈpəʊzəz/ N-COUNT (尤指古典音乐)作曲家
Tim: Now there are also some workshops and other activities. They’ll all take place at least once every day, so everyone who wants to take part will have a chance.
Jean: Good. We’re particularly interested in cookery – you don’t happen to have a cookery workshop, do you?
Tim: We certainly do. It’s going to focus on how to make food part of a healthy lifestyle, and it’ll show that even sweet things like cakes can contain much less sugar than they usually do.
Jean: That might be worth going to. We’re trying to encourage our children to cook.
Tim: Another workshop is just for children, and that’s on creating posters to reflect the history of the town. The aim is to make children aware of how both the town and people’s lives have changed over the centuries. The results will be exhibited in the community centre. Then the other workshop is in toy-making, and that’s for adults only.
Jean: Oh, why’s that?
Tim: Because it involves carpentry – participants will be making toys out of wood, so there’ll be a lot of sharp chisels and other tools around.
Jean: It makes sense to keep children away from it.
workshops, ①工作室；②手工工厂/作坊；③研讨会、讲习班 （指一个为特定目的而设立的集会或活动，通常是为了学习、讨论或实践某种技能或知识。）
They’ll all take place at least once every day, 每天至少举行一次。take place /teɪk pleɪs/ to happen 发生，举行
everyone who wants to take part, 每个想参加的人。take part /teɪk pɑːt/ 参与，参加
cookery, /ˈkʊkəri/ N-UNCOUNT 烹饪;烹调
happen to have a cookery workshop, 碰巧有一个烹饪研习班。happen to 碰巧
that’s on creating posters, 这是关于制作海报的。on 表示关于。posters/ˈpəʊstəz/ N-COUNT 大幅广告；海报；招贴画
reflect the history of the town, 反映该镇的历史。reflect /rɪˈflekt/ VERB 反映；表现；显示
make children aware of xxxx, 让孩子们意识/知道到 xxxx。aware /əˈweə(r)/ ADJ-GRADED 知道的；明白的
both the town and people’s lives have changed over the centuries, 几个世纪以来，这个城镇和人们的生活都发生了变化。
be exhibited in the community centre, 在社区中心展出。exhibited /ɪɡˈzɪbɪtɪd/ VERB 展览;展出;陈列。centre /ˈsentə(r)/
carpentry, N-UNCOUNT 木工活;木工工艺 /ˈkɑːpəntri/
participants, /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənts/ N-COUNT 参与者；参加者
sharp chisels, 锋利的凿子 chisels /ˈtʃɪzlz/ N-COUNT 凿子;錾子
It makes sense to keep children away from it, 让孩子远离它是有道理的。makes sense ：有道理
Tim: Exactly. Now let me tell you about some of the outdoor activities. There’ll be supervised wild swimming …
Jean: Wild swimming? What’s that?
Tim: It just means swimming in natural waters, rather than a swimming pool.
Jean: Oh OK. In a lake, for instance.
Tim: Yes, there’s a beautiful one just outside the town, and that’ll be the venue for the swimming. There’ll be lifeguards on duty, so it’s suitable for all ages. And finally, there’ll be a walk in some nearby woods every day. The leader is an expert on insects. He’ll show some that live in the woods, and how important they are for the environment. So there are going to be all sorts of different things to do during the festival.
Jean: There certainly are.
Tim: If you’d like to read about how the preparations for the festival are going, the festival organiser is keeping a blog. Just search online for the festival website, and you’ll find it.
Jean: Well, thank you very much for all the information.
Tim: You’re welcome. Goodbye.
Jean: Goodbye.
supervised wild swimming, 有监督的野泳/ˈsuːpəvaɪzd/adj.有监督的
natural waters, 天然水域。 waters /ˈwɔːtəz/ N-PLURAL 海域;(尤指)领海
venue, /ˈvenjuː/ N-COUNT （事件或活动的）发生地,举办地点;场地
There’ll be lifeguards on duty, 会有救生员值班。lifeguards /ˈlaɪfgɑːdz/ N-COUNT （海滩、游泳池等处的）救生员。on duty /ɒn ˈdjuːti/ 值班；值勤
woods, /wʊdz/ N-COUNT 树林，林子（美国英语通常用woods）
an expert on insects, 昆虫专家。
how the preparations for the festival are going, 节日的筹备工作进展如何。preparations /ˌprɛpəˈreɪʃənz/ N-PLURAL 准备工作；预备工作；筹备工作。
keeping a blog, 写博客。blog /blɒɡ/ 博客
听力题目
| Date | Type of event | Details |
|---|---|---|
| 17th | a concert | performers from Canada |
| 18th | a ballet | company called Eustatis |
| 19th–20th (afternoon) | a play | type of play: a comedy called Jemima |
| 20th (evening) | a dance show | show is called Chat |
Workshops
- Making healthy food
- (children only) Making posters
- (adults only) Making toys from wood using various tools
Outdoor activities
Swimming in the lake
Walking in the woods, led by an expert on insects
See the festival organiser’s blog for more information|
Section 2：MINSTER PARK
听力原文
Woman: I’m very pleased to welcome this evening’s guest speaker, Mark Logan, who’s going to tell us about the recent transformation of Minster Park. Over to you, Mark.
I’m very pleased to do something, 我很高兴做什么事情。pleased /pliːzd/ ADJ-GRADED 高兴的；喜欢的；满意的
guest speaker, /ɡest ˈspiːkə(r)/ 特邀演讲人
tell us about something, 告诉我们一些事情
the recent transformation, 最近的变化。/ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃn/ [可数名词, 不可数名词] ~ (from sth) (to/into sth)（彻底的）变化，改观，转变，改革 = a complete change
Over to you， Mark, 轮到你了，马克，
Mark: Thank you. I’m sure you’re all familiar with Minster Park. It’s been a feature of the city for well over a century, and has been the responsibility of the city council for most of that time. What perhaps isn’t so well known is the origin of the park: unlike many public parks that started in private ownership, as the garden of a large house, for instance, Minster was some waste land, which people living nearby started planting with flowers in 1892. It was unclear who actually owned the land, and this wasn’t settled until 20 years later, when the council took possession of it.
are familiar with Minster Park, 熟悉明斯特公园。familiar /fəˈmɪliə(r)/ ADJ-GRADED 熟悉的;熟知的
a feature of the city, 这座城市的一大特色。feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/。
have been the responsibility of the city council, 一直是市议会的职责。responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/。city council /ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsl/。
the origin of the park, 公园的起源。origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/
public parks, 公园
private ownership, /ˈpraɪvət ˈəʊnəʃɪp/ 私有制；私人所有制
waste land, 荒地；荒地，未垦植地 /weɪst lænd/
people living nearby, 住在附近的人
planting waste land with flowers, 在荒地上种花。flowers/ˈflaʊəz/。planting /ˈplɑːntɪŋ/。plant VERB 在…种上植物（或农作物） plant someplace (with sth)
owned the land, 拥有土地。owned /əʊnd/。
this wasn’t settled until 20 years later, 这件事直到20年后才解决。settled /ˈsetld/
the council took possession of it, 议会接管了它。council /ˈkaʊnsl/。possession /pəˈzeʃn/ N-UNCOUNT 占有；拥有。took /tʊk/
take possession of, 占有；拥有；占领
be in possession of, 拥有；占有某物
You may have noticed the statue near one of the entrances. It’s of Diane Gosforth, who played a key role in the history of the park. Once the council had become the legal owner, it planned to sell the land for housing. Many local people wanted it to remain a place that everyone could go to, to enjoy the fresh air and natural environment – remember the park is in a densely populated residential area. Diane Gosforth was one of those people, and she organised petitions and demonstrations, which eventually made the council change its mind about the future of the land.
the statue near one of the entrances, 一个入口附近的雕像。statue /ˈstætʃuː/。entrances /ˈen.trəns/。
legal owner, 法定所有人
remain a place, 留下这么一个地方
a densely populated residential area, 人口稠密的住宅区。densely / ˈdensli /密集地，稠密地。populated /ˈpɒpjuleɪtɪd/ 有人居住的。 residential /ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/ 居民区的。
organised petitions and demonstrations, 组织了请愿和示威。organised /‘ɔ:gənaɪzd/ organise 的过去式。 /pəˈtɪʃnz/ / ˌdemənˈstreɪʃənz /
petitions, /pəˈtɪʃnz/ N-COUNT 请愿书；N-COUNT 上诉；（对法庭的）请求。
demonstrations, / ˌdemənˈstreɪʃənz / N-COUNT 示威;示威游行（或集会）；N-COUNT 示范;演示；N-COUNT 证明;论证;表明;说明
eventually, /ɪˈventʃuəli/ ADV 最终;终于
Soon after this the First World War broke out, in 1914, and most of the park was dug up and planted with vegetables, which were sold locally. At one stage the army considered taking it over for troop exercises and got as far as contacting the city council, then decided the park was too small to be of use. There were occasional public meetings during the war, in an area that had been retained as grass.
the First World War broke out, 第一次世界大战爆发了。First World War /ˌfɜːst wɜːld ˈwɔː(r)/。broke out /brəʊk aʊt/
break out, /breɪk aʊt/ PHRASAL VERB （战争、战斗或疾病）爆发
most of the park was dug up and planted with vegetables, 公园的大部分地方被挖开并且种植了蔬菜。dug up/dʌɡ ʌp/ vegetables/ ˈvedʒtəb(ə)lz /
dig up, PHRASAL VERB 掘地;挖洞
At one stage, 在某一阶段。stage /steɪdʒ/ [可数名词] （发展或进展的）时期，阶段，状态。
the army considered taking it over, 军队考虑接管它。army /ˈɑːmi/。considered /kənˈsɪdəd/。
take (something) over, 接任；接管，接手(START DOING)
troop exercises, 部队演习 troop /truːp/ N-PLURAL 部队;军队;士兵
got as far as contacting the city council, 甚至联系了市议会。
get as far as, 通常用来表示“到达（某个程度、地点或阶段）”，但暗示没有达到最终的目标或更远的距离
I tried to learn Spanish， but I only got as far as basic greetings, 我试着学西班牙语，但只学到了基本的问候语
occasional public meetings, 偶尔的公开集会。occasional /əˈkeɪʒənl/ ADJ-GRADED 偶尔的；间或的；有时发生的。
had been retained as grass, 被保留为草。 retained /rɪˈteɪnd/ VERB 保留;保持;保存 。grass/ɡrɑːs/
After the war, the park was turned back more or less to how it had been before 1914, and continued almost unchanged until recently. Plans for transforming it were drawn up at various times, most recently in 2013, though they were revised in 2015, before any work had started. The changes finally got going in 2016, and were finished on schedule last year.
the park was turned back more or less to how it had been before 1914, 公园或多或少地恢复了1914年之前的样子。turn （使）变得;（使）成为 verb (BECOME)
more or less, 或多或少；几乎，差不多
continued almost unchanged, 几乎保持不变。unchanged /ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒd/ ADJ （一段时间内）未改变的，不变的。 continued /kənˈtɪnjuːd/ （使）继续，（使）持续，（使）延续 （keep）
Plans for transforming it, 改造它（公园）的计划。transforming /trænsˈfɔːmɪŋ/ VERB 转换;改变;改造
Plans were drawn up at various times, 计划是在不同时期被制定。drawn up /drɔːn ʌp/
draw up, /drɔː ʌp/ PHRASAL VERB 草拟;制定
they were revised in 2015, 它们在2015年被修订了。revised /rɪˈvaɪzd/ VERB 改正，改变，修正(想法)
got going in 2016, 在2016年开始。
get going, /ɡet ˈɡəʊɪŋ/ （尤指耽搁后）开始做，出发，着手
on schedule, /ɒn ˈʃedjuːl/ 按时；按照预定时间
OK, let me tell you about some of the changes that have been made – and some things that have been retained. If you look at this map, you’ll see the familiar outline of the park, with the river forming the northern boundary, and a gate in each of the other three walls. The statue of Diane Gosforth has been moved: it used to be close to the south gate, but it’s now immediately to the north of the lily pond, almost in the centre of the park, which makes it much more visible.
some things that have been retained, 一些被保留下来的东西。retained /rɪˈteɪnd/VERB 保留;保持;保存
familiar outline of the park, 熟悉的公园轮廓。outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ N-COUNT （尤指模糊的）轮廓，外形
with the river forming the northern boundary, 河流形成了北部边界。with 引导独立主格。boundary/ˈbaʊndri/ N-COUNT （土地的）分界线，边界
immediately to the north of the lily pond, 紧挨着百合池的北边。immediately /ɪˈmiːdiətli/ ADV 紧接地;紧靠地;贴近地。 lily /ˈlɪli/ N-VAR 百合
makes it much more visible, 使其更加明显。visible /ˈvɪzəbl/ ADJ-GRADED 可见的;看得见的 ADJ-GRADED 明显的;引人注目的;能认出的
There’s a new area of wooden sculptures, which are on the river bank, where the path from the east gate makes a sharp bend. There are two areas that are particularly intended for children. The playground has been enlarged and improved, and that’s between the river and the path that leads from the pond to the river.
wooden sculptures, 木雕。sculptures /ˈskʌlptʃəz/ N-VAR 雕刻作品;雕像;雕塑品。wooden /ˈwʊdn/ ADJ 木质的;木制的
on the river bank, 河岸上
where the path from the east gate makes a sharp bend, 从东门开始的小路在那里形成一个急转弯。where 引导定语从句。 sharp bend /ʃɑːp bend/ 急转弯处
are particularly intended for children, 特别为儿童设计。intend VERB 准备,预留(作某种用途或给某人用)。VERB 想要;打算;计划
The playground has been enlarged and improved, 操场已经扩大和改善了。enlarged /ɪnˈlɑːdʒd/。 improved /ɪmˈpruːvd/。
the path that leads from the pond to the river, 从池塘到河边的小路。leads /liːdz/ [单独使用的动词] ~ from/to sth (to/from sth) （与…）相连，相通
Then there’s a new maze, a circular series of paths, separated by low hedges. That’s near the west gate – you go north from there towards the river and then turn left to reach it. There have been tennis courts in the park for many years, and they’ve been doubled, from four to eight. They’re still in the south-west corner of the park, where there’s a right-angle bend in the path.
a new maze, 新迷宫。maze /meɪz/
a circular series of paths, 一系列圆形路径 circular /ˈsɜːkjələ(r)/ ADJ 圆的;圆形的
separated by low hedges, 用低矮的树篱隔开。separated /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/ hedges /ˈhedʒɪz/ N-COUNT 树篱
you go north from there towards the river, 你从那里向北朝河边走
and then turn left to reach it, 然后左转到达。
tennis courts, 网球场 /ˈtenɪs kɔːts/。court /kɔːt/ N-COUNT 法院;法庭;审判庭 N-COUNT (网球、篮球、羽毛球或壁球等的)球场
they’ve been doubled, 它们已经翻了一番 doubled /ˈdʌbld/ V-ERG (使)加倍;（使）增加一倍
in the south-west corner of the park, 在公园的西南角
where there’s a right-angle bend in the path, 那里有一条直角转弯的小路。 right-angle /ˈraɪt æŋɡl/ 直角
Something else I’d like to mention is the new fitness area. This is right next to the lily pond on the same side as the west gate. Now, as you’re all gardeners, I’m sure you’ll like to hear about the plants that have been chosen for the park.
new fitness area, 新健身区
on the same side as the west gate, 与西门同侧
gardeners, /ˈgɑːdnəz/ N-COUNT 花匠；园丁；园艺工人
听力题目
The park was originally established
- A. as an amenity provided by the city council.
- B. as land belonging to a private house.
- C. as a shared area set up by the local community.
a shared area set up by the local community, 当地社区设立的共享区域。 /kəˈmjuːnəti/
local community,当地社区。= local people。community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ N-SING-COLL (同住一地的人所构成的)社区 The community is all the people who live in a particular area or place.
an amenity provided by the city council, 市议会提供的便利设施。amenity /əˈmiːnəti/ N-COUNT 生活福利设施；便利设施
land belonging to a private house, 属于私人住宅的土地。
Why is there a statue of Diane Gosforth in the park?
- A. She was a resident who helped to lead a campaign.
- B. She was a council member responsible for giving the public access.
- C. She was a senior worker at the park for many years.
She was a resident who helped to lead a campaign, 她是一名居民，帮助领导了一场运动。resident /ˈrezɪdənt/。 campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/。
She was a council member responsible for giving the public access, 她是负责让公众进入的议员。council member /ˈkaʊnsl ˈmembə(r)/
She was a senior worker at the park for many years, 她在公园当了多年的高级职员。senior /ˈsiːniə(r)/
During the First World War, the park was mainly used for
- A. exercises by troops.
- B. growing vegetables.
- C. public meetings.
growing vegetables, /ˈɡrəʊɪŋ ˈvɛdʒtəb(ə)lz/ 种植蔬
When did the physical transformation of the park begin?
- A. 2013
- B. 2015
- C. 2016
- statue of Diane Gosforth：E
- wooden sculptures：C
- playground：B
- maze：A
- tennis courts：G
- fitness area：D
Section 3：A DISPLAY ON BRITISH LIFE AND LITERATURE IN THE MID-19TH CENTURY
听力原文
Cathy: OK, Graham, so let’s check we both know what we’re supposed to be doing.
Graham: OK.
Cathy: So, for the university’s open day, we have to plan a display on British life and literature in the mid-19th century.
Graham: That’s right. But we’ll have some people to help us find the materials and set it up, remember – for the moment, we just need to plan it.
Cathy: Good. So have you gathered who’s expected to come and see the display? Is it for the people studying English, or students from other departments? I’m not clear about it.
Graham: Nor me. That was how it used to be, but it didn’t attract many people, so this year it’s going to be part of an open day, to raise the university’s profile. It’ll be publicised in the city, to encourage people to come and find out something of what goes on here. And it’s included in the information that’s sent to people who are considering applying to study here next year.
Cathy: Presumably some current students and lecturers will come?
Graham: I would imagine so, but we’ve been told to concentrate on the other categories of people.
know what we’re supposed to be doing,直到什么应该被做。be supposed to do 应该做某事
university’s open day, 大学开放日。open day N-COUNT （学校、大学或其他机构的）开放日，接待日，参观日
British life and literature, 英国生活与文学。British /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/ ADJ 英国的；英国人的；英国文化的 literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/
we’ll have some people to help us find the materials, 我们会找人帮我们找材料/素材
set it up, 筹备它 set something up ①建立，创立（公司、机构、系统、工作方式等）②安排，策划
for the moment, 暂时;目前
have you gathered who’s expected to come and see the display?, 你已经弄清楚谁会来看展览了吗？。“gathered /ˈɡæðəd/”的意思是“弄清楚”或“收集到信息”。
Nor me, 我也不是，我也不知道
That was how it used to be, 过去就是这样
raise the university’s profile, 提升大学的形象。raise /reɪz/ 。 profile /ˈprəʊfaɪl/
It’ll be publicised in the city, 它将在城市中进行宣传。publicised /ˈpʌb.lɪ.saɪzd/ 公布;宣传
find out something of what goes on here, 了解一下这里(学校)发生了什么
Presumably some current students and lecturers will come?, 可能现在的一些学生和讲师会来？。 Presumably /prɪˈzjuːməbli/ 表猜测。 lecturers /ˈlɛktʃərəz/
I would imagine so, 我想是的
concentrate on the other categories of people, 专注于其他类别的人。categories /ˈkætɪgəriz/
Cathy: Right. We don’t have to cover the whole range of 19th-century literature, do we?
Graham: No, it’s entirely up to us. I suggest just using Charles Dickens.
Cathy: That’s a good idea. Most people have heard of him, and have probably read some of his novels, or seen films based on them, so that’s a good lead-in to life in his time.
Graham: Exactly. And his novels show the awful conditions that most people had to live in, don’t they? He wanted to shock people into doing something about it.
Cathy: Did he do any campaigning, other than writing?
Graham: Yes, he campaigned for education and other social reforms, and gave talks, but I’m inclined to ignore that and focus on the novels.
Cathy: Yes, I agree.
cover the whole range of 19th-century literature, 涵盖19世纪文学的全部范围。cover 包括；包含 to include sth 。range /reɪndʒ/ N-COUNT 幅度;等级;范围
it’s entirely up to us, 这完全取决于我们。 entirely /ɪnˈtaɪəli/ ADV 完全地;完整地;全部地
Charles Dickens, /tʃɑ:lz ˈdɪkɪnz/ 查尔斯·狄更斯
read some of his novels, 读过他的一些小说。novels /ˈnɒvəlz/ N-COUNT (长篇)小说
seen films based on them, 看过基于它们(小说)的电影
that’s a good lead-in to life in his time, 这是一个很好的引子来介绍他生活的时代。lead-in /ˈliːd ɪn/ N-COUNT 引子；前奏；开场白。
the awful conditions, 恶劣的条件。awful /ˈɔːfl/ 极坏的;恶劣的;糟糕的;令人极不愉快的 extremely bad or unpleasant
shock people into doing something about it, 通过震惊人们来采取一些措施。shock /ʃɒk/（使）震惊，（使）惊愕 to make someone feel upset or surprised。 shock sb into doing sth
Did he do any campaigning， other than writing? 除了写作，他还做过任何活动吗？。other than /ˈʌðə(r) ðæn/ 除了…以外
he campaigned for education and other social reforms, 他还做了教育和其他社会改革的宣传活动。campaigned /kæmˈpeɪnd/ verb [ I ] 从事活动；开展运动；发起运动
I’m inclined to ignore that, 我倾向于忽略这一点 。/ɪnˈklaɪnd/ 。be inclined to do 有…倾向；很可能
Cathy: OK, so now shall we think about a topic linked to each novel?
Graham: Yes. I’ve printed out a list of Dickens’s novels in the order they were published, in the hope you’d agree to focus on him!
a topic linked to each novel, 与每部小说相关的主题。linked /lɪŋkt/ VERB 使联系在一起；使相关联
I’ve printed out a list of Dickens’s novels, 我已打印出狄更斯小说的清单。printed /ˈprɪntɪd/ VERB 打印；印刷
in the order they were published, 按他们（小说）被出版顺序排列。
Cathy: You’re lucky I did agree! Let’s have a look. OK, the first was The Pickwick Papers, published in 1836. It was very successful when it came out, wasn’t it, and was adapted for the theatre straight away.
Graham: There’s an interesting point, though, that there’s a character who keeps falling asleep, and that medical condition was named after the book – .
Cathy: Oh, so why don’t we use that as the topic, and include some quotations from the novel?
when it came out, 当它出来时。came /keɪm/。come out PHRASAL VERB (书或光盘)出版，发行
was adapted for the theatre, 被改编成戏剧。adapted /əˈdæptɪd/ VERB 改编；改写。theatre /ˈθɪətə(r)/ N-COUNT 电影院;剧院； [ S or U ] 戏剧;剧本，剧作;演出。
straight away, /streɪt əˈweɪ/ ADV 立刻;马上;毫不迟疑地
though, 这里不表示但是，表示一种语感，表示要在这里插一句话
a character who keeps falling asleep, 一个总是睡着的角色。character /ˈkærəktə(r)/N-COUNT （人的）性格，个性;(地方的)特点 N-COUNT 人物;人
medical condition was named after the book, 这种疾病是以这本书命名的。named after /neɪmd ˈɑːftə(r)/ 以…命名。condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ N-COUNT 疾病;健康问题。medical /ˈmedɪkl/ ADJ 医学的;医疗的;医术的
include some quotations from the novel, 并引用一些小说中的话。quotations /kwəʊˈteɪʃənz/ N-COUNT 引文;引语;语录。include /ɪnˈkluːd/ VERB 把…列为…的一部分;把…算入 VERB 包括;包含
Graham: Right. Next is Oliver Twist. There’s a lot in the novel about poverty. But maybe something less obvious …
Cathy: Well Oliver is taught how to steal, isn’t he? We could use that to illustrate the fact that very few children went to school, particularly not poor children, so they learnt in other ways.
Graham: Good idea. What’s next?
Cathy: Maybe Nicholas Nickleby. Actually he taught in a really cruel school, didn’t he?
Graham: That’s right. But there’s also the company of touring actors that Nicholas joins. We could do something on theatres and other amusements of the time. We don’t want only the bad things, do we?
Cathy: OK.
poverty, /ˈpɒvəti/ N-UNCOUNT 贫穷；贫困
Oliver is taught how to steal, Oliver被教授如何偷盗。steal /stiːl/
he taught in a really cruel school, 他在一所非常残酷的学校教书。taught /tɔːt/ VERB 教授;讲授;教书。cruel /ˈkruːəl/ 残忍的;残酷的;刻毒伤人的
the company of touring actors, 巡回演出演员的剧团。company N-COUNT-COLL; N-IN-NAMES 剧团;歌舞团。 touring /ˈtʊərɪŋ/ 巡回演出的
theatres and other amusements of the time, 剧院和当时的其他娱乐场所做些事情。 of the time 当时的。amusements /əˈmjuːzmənts/ N-PLURAL （游乐场或海边的）娱乐活动，游戏，消遣活动
the bad things, 坏事
Graham: What about Martin Chuzzlewit? He goes to the USA, doesn’t he?
Cathy: Yes, and Dickens himself had been there a year before, and drew on his experience there in the novel.
Graham: I wonder, though … The main theme is selfishness, so we could do something on social justice? No, too general, let’s keep to your idea – I think it would work well.
drew on his experience there in the novel, 在小说中借鉴了他在那里(美国)的经历。drew on /druː ɒn/ = draw on /drɔː ɒn/ PHRASAL VERB 凭借;利用;动用 = make use of it
The main theme is selfishness, 主题是自私。 selfishness /‘selfɪʃ(ə)nəs/ n.自私。
we could do something on social justice, 我们可以从社会公正的角度来做点什么。social justice /ˈsəʊʃl ˈdʒʌstɪs/ 社会公正。
too general, 过于笼统 /tuː ˈdʒenrəl/
let’s keep to your idea, 让我们坚持你的想法。keep to /kiːp tu/ PHRASAL VERB 遵守；履行
Cathy: He wrote Bleak House next – that’s my favourite of his novels.
Graham: Yes, mine too. His satire of the legal system is pretty powerful.
Cathy: That’s true, but think about Esther, the heroine. As a child she lives with someone she doesn’t know is her aunt, who treats her very badly. Then she’s very happy living with her guardian, and he puts her in charge of the household. And at the end she gets married and her guardian gives her and her husband a house, where of course they’re very happy.
Graham: Yes, I like that.
bleak, /bliːk/ ADJ-GRADED （地方）凄清的，荒凉的，萧瑟的 ADJ-GRADED （情形）没有希望的，前景暗淡的
mine too, 我的也是 /maɪn tuː/
the heroine, 女主人公。/ðə ˈherəʊɪn/
heroin, N-UNCOUNT 海洛因 /ˈherəʊɪn/
the hero, /ðə ˈhɪərəʊ/ 男主人公
she’s very happy living with her guardian, 她很高兴和她的监护人住在一起。guardian /ˈɡɑːdiən/ N-COUNT 监护人 N-COUNT 保护者；护卫者
he puts her in charge of the household, 他让她负责家务。 in charge of 掌管或负责某事。household /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ N-SING 家务 N-COUNT 家庭;一家人;同住一幢房子的人
Cathy: What shall we take next? Little Dorrit? Old Mr Dorrit has been in a debtors’ prison for years …
Graham: So was Dickens’s father, wasn’t he?
Cathy: That’s right.
Graham: What about focusing on the part when Mr Dorrit inherits a fortune, and he starts pretending he’s always been rich?
Cathy: Good idea.
Graham: OK, so next we need to think about what materials we want to illustrate each issue. That’s going to be quite hard.
has been in a debtors’ prison for years, 在债务人监狱里呆了很多年。debtors/ˈdɛtəz/ n.债务人；借方。prison /ˈprɪzn/ N-VAR 监狱；监牢；看守所
So was Dickens’s father， wasn’t he? , 狄更斯的父亲也是，不是吗？
inherits a fortune, 继承了一大笔财产。inherits /ɪnˈherɪts/VERB 继承(金钱或财产)。fortune/ˈfɔːtʃuːn/ N-COUNT 大笔的钱;巨款 N-COUNT 财富;财产
he starts pretending he’s always been rich, 他开始假装自己一直很富有。pretending /prɪˈtendɪŋ/ VERB 假装；伪装；装作 。
听力题目
Which TWO groups of people is the display primarily intended for?
- A. students from the English department
- B. residents of the local area
- C. the university’s teaching staff
- D. potential new students
- E. students from other departments
potential new students, 潜在的新生
residents of the local area, 当地居民。residents /ˈrɛzɪdənts/
teaching staff, /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ stɑːf/ 教师，教学人员
What are Cathy and Graham’s TWO reasons for choosing the novelist Charles Dickens?
- A. His speeches inspired others to try to improve society.
- B. He used his publications to draw attention to social problems.
- C. His novels are well-known now.
- D. He was consulted on a number of social issues.
- E. His reputation has changed in recent times.
His speeches inspired others to try to improve society, 他的演讲激励了其他人努力改善社会。speeches /ˈspiːtʃɪz/。inspired /ɪnˈspaɪəd/
He used his publications to draw attention to social problems, 他利用自己的出版物来引起人们对社会问题的关注。publications /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃənz/ N-COUNT 出版物；发行物 。publication N-UNCOUNT 出版；发行。draw attention /drɔː əˈtenʃn/ 吸引注意
His novels are well-known now, 他的小说现在很出名。
He was consulted on a number of social issues, 他被咨询了许多社会问题。consulted /kənˈsʌltɪd/ VERB 咨询;请教;请示(以获得许可)。
His reputation has changed in recent times, 最近他的名声变了。reputation /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/ N-COUNT 名声;名望;声誉
Novels by Dickens
- The Pickwick Papers ：medicine
- Oliver Twist ：education
- Nicholas Nickleby ：entertainment
- Martin Chuzzlewit ：Dickens’s travels
- Bleak House ：a woman’s life
- Little Dorrit ：wealth
- poverty
- crime and the law
Section 4：THE EUCAlYPTUS TREE IN AUSTRALIA
听力原文
I’m going to report on a case study of a programme which has been set up to help rural populations in Mozambique, a largely agricultural country in South-East Africa.
report on a case study of a programme, 汇报一个关于某个计划案例研究。report VERB 报告;汇报;告发。programme /ˈprəʊɡræm/ N-COUNT 方案；计划；安排
rural populations, /ˈrʊərəl ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃənz/ 农村人口
South-East Africa, 非洲东南部。south-east /ˌsaʊθ ˈiːst/ /‘æfrɪkə/
The programme worked with three communities in Chicualacuala district, near the Limpopo River. This is a dry and arid region, with unpredictable rainfall. Because of this, people in the area were unable to support themselves through agriculture and instead they used the forest as a means of providing themselves with an income, mainly by selling charcoal. However, this was not a sustainable way of living in the long term, as they were rapidly using up this resource.
The programme worked with three communities, 该计划与三个群体合作。programme /ˈprəʊɡræm/N-COUNT 方案；计划；安排。 work with 与…共事/合作。communities /kəˈmjuːnɪtiz/ N-COUNT-COLL 群体;团体
a dry and arid region, 干旱地区。arid /ˈærɪd/ ADJ-GRADED 干旱的;不毛的
providing themselves with an income, 为自己提供收入。provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物
selling charcoal, 卖木炭。charcoal /ˈtʃɑːkəʊl/ N-UNCOUNT 木炭;(用于绘画的)炭笔，木炭条
a sustainable way of living, 可持续的生活方式。sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ ADJ-GRADED (自然资源)可持续的，不破坏环境的
rapidly using up this resource, 迅速耗尽此资源
To support agriculture in this dry region, the programme focused primarily on making use of existing water resources from the Limpopo River by setting up systems of irrigation, which would provide a dependable water supply for crops and animals. The programme worked closely with the district government in order to find the best way of implementing this. The region already had one farmers’ association, and it was decided to set up two more of these. These associations planned and carried out activities including water management, livestock breeding and agriculture, and it was notable that in general, women formed the majority of the workforce.
making use of existing water resources, 利用现有水资源
setting up systems of irrigation, 建立灌溉系统。irrigation /ˌɪrɪˈgeɪʃən/ noun [ U ] 灌溉
provide a dependable water supply, 提供可靠的供水。dependable /dɪˈpendəbl/ ADJ-GRADED 可靠的;可信赖的
worked closely with the district government, 与地方/当地政府密切合作。district /ˈdɪstrɪkt/ N-COUNT 地区;区域
implementing this, 实施这一政策。implementing /ˈɪmplɪmentɪŋ/ VERB 履行;实施
farmers’ association, /ˈfɑːməz əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃn/ 农民协会。association/əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃn/ N-COUNT 团体；协会；社团
carried out activities, 开展的活动
livestock breeding, /ˈlaɪvstɒk ˈbriːdɪŋ/牲畜饲养 。livestock N-UNCOUNT-COLL （牛、羊等）家畜，牲畜，牲口。breeding （为繁殖的）饲养
it was notable that, 值得注意的是 。notable /ˈnəʊtəbl/ ADJ-GRADED 值得注意的;显著的;有趣的 （这个词出现的时候，很可能有考点）
women formed the majority of the workforce, 妇女是（形成）劳动力的主力。formed /fɔːmd/ VERB 形成;变成。 majority /məˈdʒɒrəti/ N-SING-COLL 多数;大多数。workforce /ˈwɜːkfɔːs/ N-COUNT (某一国家或地区的)劳动力，劳动人口
It was decided that in order to keep the crops safe from animals, both wild and domestic, special areas should be fenced off where the crops could be grown. The community was responsible for creating these fences, but the programme provided the necessary wire for making them.
keep the crops safe from animals, 保护庄稼不受动物伤害。crops /krɒps/
wild and domestic, 野生的和家养的。domestic/dəˈmestɪk/ ADJ 非野生的;驯养的;作为宠物饲养的
special areas should be fenced off, 特殊区域应该用栅栏围起来。fenced /fenst/ fence的过去分词和过去式。fence something off 用栅栏（或篱笆）隔开。 fence /fens/ N-COUNT 栅栏;篱笆;围栏 VERB (用篱笆等)围住，把…圈起来
the necessary wire for making them, 制造它们所需的金属线。wire /ˈwaɪə(r)/ N-VAR 金属丝;金属线
Once the area had been fenced off, it could be cultivated. The land was dug, so that vegetables and cereals appropriate to the climate could be grown, and the programme provided the necessary seeds for this. The programme also provided pumps so that water could be brought from the river in pipes to the fields. However, the labour was all provided by local people, and they also provided and put up the posts that supported the fences around the fields.
it could be cultivated, 它（这块区域）可以被耕种。cultivated /ˈkʌltɪveɪtɪd/ cultivate的过去分词和过去式。cultivate/ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ VERB 耕;耕作；种植
cultivate land, 耕种土地
cultivate crops, 种植作物
The land was dug, 土地被挖了。dug/dʌɡ/ dig /dɪɡ/ 的过去分词和过去式。VERB 挖;掘
vegetables and cereals appropriate to the climate, 适合气候的蔬菜和谷物(形容词作后置定语)
cereals, /ˈsɪərɪəlz/ N-COUNT 谷类作物;谷物
appropriate, / əˈprəʊpriət / 合适的；恰当的 ~ (for/to sth)
climate, /ˈklaɪmət/ N-VAR 气候
pumps, /pʌmps/ N-COUNT 泵；抽水机；打气筒
be brought from the river in pipes to the fields, （水）用管子从河里运到田里。/brɔːt/。 in：表示使用的语言、材料等。fields/fiːldz/ N-COUNT 地;田;牧场
labour, /ˈleɪbə(r)/ N-UNCOUNT （辛苦的）劳动，劳作；（通常指）体力劳动
put up the posts that supported the fences around the fields, 竖起支撑田地围栏的柱子。posts /pəʊsts/ N-COUNT 柱；桩；杆
I’ll put up a post regarding my feelings towards the breakup, 我会贴一篇关于我对分手的感受的帖子。post 网站上公布的信息;帖子
opens my post, 拆我的信件。 [ U ] mainly UK (US usually mail) 邮件
send it by post, 邮寄(通过邮政寄它)。[ U ] mainly UK 邮政，邮递
several vacant posts, 几个职位空缺 [ C ] (JOB) 职位，职务
Once the programme had been set up, its development was monitored carefully. The farmers were able to grow enough produce not just for their own needs, but also to sell. However, getting the produce to places where it could be marketed was sometimes a problem, as the farmers did not have access to transport, and this resulted in large amounts of produce, especially vegetables, being spoiled. This problem was discussed with the farmers’ associations and it was decided that in order to prevent food from being spoiled, the farmers needed to learn techniques for its preservation.
its development was monitored carefully, 它的发展会被仔细地监督。monitored /ˈmɒnɪtəd/ VERB 监控;监视;监督
grow enough produce, 种植足够的农产品。produce /prəˈdjuːs , ˈprɒdjuːs/ N-UNCOUNT 农产品
for their own needs, 为了他们自己的需要
it could be marketed, 它可以被推销出去。marketed/ˈmɑːkɪtɪd/ VERB 营销;推销；进行市场推广
resulted in large amounts of produce being spoiled, 导致大量变质的农产品 spoiled /spɔɪld/（being spoiled 修饰 produce ）
resulted in large amounts of produce spoiled, 导致大量变质的农产品 poiled /spɔɪld/（spoiled 修饰 produce ）
使用“being spoiled”强调了损坏这一动作或状态的正在进行或被动性，而“spoiled”则更直接地描述了农产品的状态，没有强调动作的进行或被动性。
在某些情况下，使用“being spoiled”可能让读者或听者更强烈地感受到损坏这一事件的过程或结果，而“spoiled”则更侧重于状态的描述。
不同的表达方式可能会给读者或听者带来不同的语感和风格印象。在某些情况下，使用“being spoiled”可能使句子听起来更正式或更详细，而“spoiled”则可能使句子听起来更简洁或更直接。
learn techniques for its preservation, 学习农产品保存的技术。preservation /ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/ 保护，维护;保藏，保养
wood preservation, 木材防腐
building preservation, 建筑物维护
There was also an additional initiative that had not been originally planned, but which became a central feature of the programme. This was when farmers started to dig holes for tanks in the fenced-off areas and to fill these with water and use them for breeding fish – an important source of protein. After a time, another suggestion was made by local people which hadn’t been part of the programme’s original proposal, but which was also adopted later on. They decided to try setting up colonies of bees, which would provide honey both for their own consumption and to sell.
an additional initiative, 额外的计划。initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/ 倡议；新措施 (NEW PLAN)
she showed a lot of initiative, 她表现出了很大的主动性。initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/ 主动性;自主决断行事的能力 noun (JUDGMENT)
initiative that had not been originally planned, 最初没有计划的倡议
a central feature of the programme, 该计划的一个核心特征，
dig holes for tanks, 为水箱挖洞。 tanks /tæŋks/ N-COUNT (盛放液体或气体的)罐，槽，箱，缸。holes /həʊlz/ N-COUNT 洞;坑;孔眼
in the fenced-off areas, 在用栅栏围起来的地区。
fill these with water, 把这些（洞）装满水
breeding fish, 养殖鱼类
an important source of protein, 蛋白质的重要来源。protein /ˈprəʊtiːn/ N-MASS 蛋白质
After a time, 过了一会儿；过了一段时间
original proposal, 最初提议/计划。/əˈrɪdʒənl prəˈpəʊzl/
was also adopted later on, 后来也被采纳了
try setting up colonies of bees, 尝试建立蜜蜂群落。colonies /ˈkɒləniz/ N-COUNT (鸟、昆虫或动物的)群体，集群，群落
**try to do sth.**：意为“尽力做某事”或“努力做某事”。这个短语强调的是个人为了完成某项任务或达到某个目标而付出的努力和尝试，但成功与否并不确定。它侧重于表达个人的意愿和努力，即使最终未能达到目标，也不影响该短语的使用。
**try doing sth.**：意为“尝试做某事”或“试图做某事”。这个短语强调的是一种新的尝试，是对某一行为或活动的初次体验或探索，而不一定带有明显的目的性。它侧重于尝试的过程，是对某一行为或活动的初步体验，不一定有明确的目的性。
provide honey, 提供蜂蜜 /ˈhʌni/
for their own consumption, 供自己消费 consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/
So what lessons can be learned from this programme? First of all, it tells us that in dry, arid regions, if there is access to a reliable source of water, there is great potential for the development of agriculture. In Chicualacuala, there was a marked improvement in agricultural production, which improved food security and benefited local people by providing them with both food and income. However, it’s important to set realistic timelines for each phase of the programme, especially for its design, as mistakes made at this stage may be hard to correct later on.
there is access to a reliable source of water, 有途径可以获取到可靠水源—> 有可靠的水源
a marked improvement in agricultural production, 在农业生产上的显著提高。marked /mɑːkt/ ADJ-GRADED （改变或区别）显著的，显而易见的
improved food security, 改善粮食安全 。 improved /ɪmˈpruːvd/
benefited local people, 使当地人民受益。benefited /ˈbenɪfɪtɪd/ V-ERG 获益；对…有益；有利于
set realistic timelines, 设定切合实际的时间表。realistic /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/ ADJ-GRADED 现实的;务实的;实事求是的
each phase of the programme, 项目的每个阶段。phase /feɪz/
mistakes made at this stage, 这个阶段犯的错误
may be hard to correct, 可能很难纠正。correct /kəˈrekt/ VERB 纠正(问题);改正，修正(错误)
The programme demonstrates that sustainable development is possible in areas where …
demonstrates that sustainable development is possible, 证明可持续发展是可能的。demonstrates /ˈdemənstreɪts/。sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ ADJ-GRADED (自然资源)可持续的，不破坏环境的
听力题目
How the programme was organised
- It focused on a dry and arid region in Chicualacuala district, near the Limpopo River.
- People depended on the forest to provide charcoal as a source of income.
- irrigation was seen as the main priority to ensure the supply of water.
- Most of the work organised by farmers’ associations was done by women
- Fenced areas were created to keep animals away from crops.
- The programme provided
- wires for the fences
- seeds for suitable crops
- water pumps.
- The farmers provided
- labour
- posts for the fences on their land.
irrigation was seen as the main priority to ensure the supply of water, 灌溉首要任务，确保供水
Fenced areas were created to keep animals away from crops, 设立了围栏区域，以防止动物接触农作物。/fenst/
Further developments
- The marketing of produce was sometimes difficult due to lack of transport
- Training was therefore provided in methods of food preservation
- Farmers made special places where fishes could be kept.
- Local people later suggested keeping bees
Evaluation and lessons learned
- Agricultural production increased, improving incomes and food security.
- Enough time must be allowed, particularly for the design phase of the programme.
Further developments, 进一步发展
The marketing of produce, 农产品营销
due to lack of ransport, 由于缺乏运输
methods of food preservation, 食品保存方法
fishes could be kept, 鱼可以养
keeping bees, 养蜂
Evaluation and lessons learned, 评价和经验教训
Enough time must be allowed, 必须留出足够的时间
design phase, 设计阶段 /dɪˈzaɪn feɪz/
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